Brief Summary (Plain Language) The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate and compare the effects of four different intervention measures on preventing and managing postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with primary liver cancer. The four measures include herbal acupoint application, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation, the combination of the above two acupoint stimulation methods, and routine clinical nursing. This study aims to provide scientific evidence for the clinical application of acupoint stimulation therapies in postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.
The main research question of this study is whether acupoint stimulation interventions can effectively improve postoperative gastrointestinal recovery in primary liver cancer patients. The primary outcome measure is the time to first postoperative anal exhaust, which is a core indicator to reflect the recovery of gastrointestinal function after surgery.
By comparing the differences in gastrointestinal recovery among the four groups, this trial will clarify the optimal acupoint intervention scheme to prevent and relieve postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in primary liver cancer patients, so as to improve patients' postoperative rehabilitation quality.
Patients diagnosed with primary liver cancer scheduled for initial partial hepatectomy or laparoscopic partial hepatectomy.
Aged between 18 and 75 years old.
Clear consciousness and ability to communicate in writing.
Voluntary participation with signed informed consent.
Patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy.
Patients with adhesive plaster allergy or allergic constitution.
Patients with local skin damage, infection or dermatitis at acupoint sites.
Patients with cognitive dysfunction.
Parallel
Acupoint application
Other interventionIntervention starts after the patient returns to the ward with stable vital signs on the surgery day. Herbal patches composed of Natrii Sulfas, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis are applied to bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (LI4). Each application lasts 6 hours, once a day until the first anal exhaust. Relevant observations are recorded during the process.
TAES
DeviceTreatment begins on the surgery day when vital signs stabilize after returning to the ward. Electrodes are placed on bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (LI4) for transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation with 2/100 Hz dense-disperse waves. Current ranges from 1 mA up to patient's maximum tolerance (no more than 10 mA), 30 minutes per session once daily. Treatment data is recorded accordingly.
Combined Intervention
Other interventionInitiated after stable vital signs on the surgery day. Receive transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation first, then herbal acupoint application. The specific operation standards are the same as the above two groups, performed once daily until the first anal exhaust.
routine care
Other interventionPatients receive standard postoperative routine nursing care only. No additional acupoint-related interventions are provided throughout the study period.
Time to first postoperative flatus
Time to first defecation
Incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction
Incidence and severity of postoperative intestinal obstruction
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