The aim of this clinical trial is to investigate the effect of different injection speeds on the spread of local anesthetic during ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in patients undergoing CT-guided lung nodule localization. The primary question addressed is whether a high injection speed (30 ml delivered within 30 seconds) produces a different local anesthetic distribution compared with a lower injection speed (30 ml delivered within 180 seconds).
aged 18-80 years
BMI 18-30 kg/m²
ASA classification I-III
Allergy to the study drug or to local anesthetics
History of opioid abuse
Previous infection at the ESPB or PVB puncture site
Peripheral neuropathy
Parallel
injection speed
Procedure/SurgeryPatients undergoing CT-guided lung nodule localization were selected for the study, and ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block was performed before surgery with different injection speed.
Spread of local anesthetic into the paravertebral space
Observation of local anesthetic spread into the paravertebral space with CT by a researcher who was blinded to group allocation
Diffusion of local anesthetic into intercostal space
The Incidence and thoracic level of local anesthetics to intercostal space was observed with CT by a researcher who was blinded to group allocation.
Diffusion of local anesthetic into the epidural space
Incidence and segment of local anesthetic spread into the epidural was assessed by a researcher who was blinded to group allocationTime Frame: 30 minute after completion of the block
Diffusion of local anesthetic into the neural foramina
Incidence and segment of local anesthetic spread into the neural foramina was assessed by a researcher who was blinded to group allocationTime Frame: 30 minute after completion of the block
Cephalocaudal spread of local anesthetic
Observation of local anesthetic spread cephalocaudally
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