Digital Silence and Mental Health

DASS 21

The DASS-21 was developed by Lovibond and Lovibond as a shortened version of the DASS-42. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress-21 (DASS-21) scale in both clinical and non-clinical samples were examined by Sarıçam. In the non-clinical sample, the test-retest correlation coefficients were found to be r = 0.68 for the depression subscale, r = 0.66 for the anxiety subscale, and r = 0.61 for the stress subscale. This scale is a 4-point Likert-type instrument consisting of seven items for each of the three dimensions: depression, anxiety, and stress. A score of 5 or above on the depression subscale, 4 or above on the anxiety subscale, and 8 or above on the stress subscale indicates the presence of the respective problem

PUKİ

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was developed by Buysse et al. and its validity and reliability in Turkey were established by Ağargün et al. The scale assesses an individual's sleep quality over the past month and consists of 24 items. Nineteen of these are self-report questions, and 18 items are scored across seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each item is rated on a 0-3 scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21. Scores of 5 or below indicate "good sleep quality," while scores above 5 indicate "poor sleep quality." The scale demonstrates a high level of internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.80, and its diagnostic sensitivity (89.6%) and specificity (86.5%) are also high.