Dizziness Due to Visual Stimuli in Patients With Concussion and Other Causes of Dizziness: Examination of Balance Behaviour

Sensitivity of Postural Response to Optokinetic Stimulation

To identify visually induced dizziness through the balance assessment, cutoff values based on calculated balance parameters will be evaluated to differentiate balance responses between concussed patients, non-concussed dizzy patients, and healthy controls. The reference will be the VID assessment performed during the clinical examination. Measurement Tool: * 6D sensor system (accelerometer and gyroscope) placed on the lower back and head. * acceleration in m/s\^2 * gyroscope in deg/s) Unit of Measure: Calculations on the balance responses from each measuring site and sensor type (accelerometer, gyroscope) include temporal and spectral parameters such as: * 95% area of motion (m\^2/s\^4, deg\^2/s\^2) * RMS, SD, Mean (m/s\^2, deg/s) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) between 0.1-2 Hz ((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) at stimulation frequency of 1/3 Hz((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) Comparison: * Balance parameters among the investigated groups

Identification of Different Postural Characteristics Response to Optokinetic Stimulation

It is hypothesized that patients with different diagnoses will exhibit distinct postural response patterns, which can be quantified and categorised. Based on the diagnosis, specific characteristics from the determined parameters shall be analysed. Measurement Tool: * 6D sensor system (accelerometer and gyroscope) placed on the lower back and head. * acceleration in m/s\^2 * gyroscope in deg/s) Unit of Measure: Calculations on the balance responses from each measuring site and sensor type (accelerometer, gyroscope) include temporal and spectral parameters such as: * 95% area of motion (m\^2/s\^4, deg\^2/s\^2) * RMS, SD, Mean (m/s\^2, deg/s) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) between 0.1-2 Hz ((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) at stimulation frequency of 1/3 Hz((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) Comparison: * Differences and rates of change in determined parameters are clustered across these groups

Severity of Visually Induced Dizziness

The balance assessment outcome shall be used to categorise the severity of visually induced dizziness based on calculated balance parameters. Measurement Tool: * 6D sensor system (accelerometer and gyroscope) placed on the lower back and head. * acceleration in m/s\^2 * gyroscope in deg/s) Unit of Measure: Calculations on the balance responses from each measuring site and sensor type (accelerometer, gyroscope) include temporal and spectral parameters such as: * 95% area of motion (m\^2/s\^4, deg\^2/s\^2) * RMS, SD, Mean (m/s\^2, deg/s) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) between 0.1-2 Hz ((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) at stimulation frequency of 1/3 Hz((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) Comparison: * Balance parameters will be classified into clusters, such as normal, borderline, and abnormal balance behaviour.

Comparison of virtual and physical optokinetic stimulation in healthy subjects

Balance responses will be compared between the two arms of healthy subjects who complete both types of balance assessments (virtual and physical optokinetic stimulation). Measurement Tool: * 6D sensor system (accelerometer and gyroscope) placed on the lower back and head. * acceleration in m/s\^2 * gyroscope in deg/s) Unit of Measure: Calculations on the balance responses from each measuring site and sensor type (accelerometer, gyroscope) include temporal and spectral parameters such as: * 95% area of motion (m\^2/s\^4, deg\^2/s\^2) * RMS, SD, Mean (m/s\^2, deg/s) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) between 0.1-2 Hz ((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) * Power Spectral Density (PSD) at stimulation frequency of 1/3 Hz((m\^2/s\^4)/Hz, (deg\^2 /s\^2)/Hz) Comparison: * Balance parameters among healthy controls.