Drone Delivery of Automated External Defibrillators to Lay Users (DAEDALUS): A Proof of Concept Study

Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot listed
Trial typeObservational
Biological sexAll
Age18+
SponsorUniversity of Surrey

About this trial

Summary in non-technical language

Aim(s) of the research

We are working on a way to use drones to deliver Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) - devices that help restart a person's heart by giving it an electric shock. These drones will bring AEDs to people helping someone having a cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting. Our goal is to make sure everything works smoothly, from the time the emergency call is made to when the AED helps the patient. This research is important because it will help us find out the best process to deliver AEDs by drone and what challenges might come up.

Background to the research

A cardiac arrest happens when a person's heart suddenly stops, which stops blood from getting to their organs. Acting fast is very important. In the UK, less than 10% of people survive cardiac arrests because it often takes too long to get them the help they need. AEDs can save lives by restarting the heart, but they need to get to the patient quickly.

Design and methods used

This project has two main parts:

1. Creating the drone delivery process:

We will develop a system to get an AED to someone in need, from the moment someone calls 999 to when the AED reaches the patient. This involves working with emergency services, Air Traffic Control, and drone operators. We will test how this works using testing sessions with training manikins at Redhill Aerodrome over four days. We will measure how long things take and gather feedback to improve the process after each session. 2. Interviews:

We will talk to people who have been involved in a cardiac arrest, like patients, family members, carers, or members of the public who have helped someone having a cardiac arrest. We will also speak to people who have no experience of cardiac arrests, to understand how they feel about drones delivering AEDs. We want to know if people think this is a good idea and what challenges or concerns they might have.

Patient and Public Involvement

A group of patients, family members/carers, and members of the public will help us check that our plans are practical and clear and will provide feedback throughout the study. They will also help review the results and create materials to share with the public. We will provide training, so everyone feels comfortable contributing.

Dissemination

We will keep everyone updated through a newsletter on our website and social media. The public involvement group will review and contribute to these updates. We will also hold public events and share our findings in reports, journal articles, conferences and webinars, so a wide range of people can access the results.

Eligibility criteria

This trial accepts healthy volunteers

Qualifiers

Work Package 1

Adults aged 18 years and older

Able to understand verbal explanations given in English

Physically able to perform CPR and apply a defibrillator to a training manikin

Disqualifiers

Work Package 1

Under 18 years of age

Unable to perform CPR

Severe cognitive impairments

Trial population

Work Package 1 participants need to be able to travel to the simulation site in Surrey. There are no geographical restrictions for Work Package 2 participants as they can participate online.

Trial design

Design model

Other

Time perspective

Cross-sectional

Treatments tested in this trial

Not listed

Trial groups

36 Participants
are grouped into 6 trial groups

6

Trial groups

See each trial group below.

Group A: Simulation Day 1
Group B: Simulation Day 2
Group C: Simulation Day 3
Group D: Simulation Day 4
Group E: Simulation day focus groups
Group F: Interview group

Trial outcomes

Primary outcomes

1

Tested protocols for drone-based AED delivery in the UK

The primary output of this research will be tested protocols for drone-based AED delivery in the UK. These protocols will be adaptable for other emergency medical equipment, such as stop the bleed kits, medications, and blood products.

Time frame
From enrolment to submitting research papers to publications in Spring 2027

Secondary outcomes

1

Research publications

We will publish all findings in open-access formats, ensuring wide dissemination to support other Air Ambulance and NHS services in augmenting healthcare logistics.

Time frame
From enrolment to submitting research papers to publications in Spring 2027

Other outcomes

Sponsors and contacts

Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.

University of Surrey

Lead sponsor

Kent, Surrey & Sussex Air Ambulance

Collaborator

South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust

Collaborator