The aim of this "in vivo" controlled trial is to assess soft tissue cell adhesion to titanium abutments subjected to different cleaning procedures - no treatment (as they come from the industry), and cleaning by plasma- at an early healing time.
In fact, the primary aim is Quantity and Quality of soft tissue adhesion at the microscopic level (e.g Fibronectin, Integrin-actin).
The secondary Aim - Clinical parameters and outcomes - BOP, PPD, MBL (Marginal Bone Level to check influence of plasmapp-treated abutments).
The null hypothesis of the study was that the cleaning procedure applied to implant abutments has no effect on soft tissue cell adhesion and MBL at an early healing time.
presence of at least 4 mm of keratinized mucosa around the implants,
patients aged 18 years or older
medically healthy patients (ASA I), or patients with mild systemic disease (ASA II)
Total or partial edentulous state with space for at least 2 implants
ASA physical status 3
severe smokers (> 10 cig/day)
patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy
pregnant or lactating women
Crossover
the test group were placed in an Argon plasma reactor
Devicethe test group were placed in an Argon plasma reactor
connective tissue coverage
• Coverage was defined as the extent to which the abutment surface was occupied by adherent cells. It reflects the spatial distribution of cells across the surface, providing a measure of surface colonization. Coverage was independently scored on a scale from 1 to 10 by two blinded operators who were unaware of the sample group assignments (i.e., activated vs control). The individual scores were subsequently averaged to obtain a representative value for each parameter per sample.
Connective tissue density
• Density was defined as the degree of cellular accumulation in the regions where cells were present. This parameter reflects the local compactness of cells, irrespective of how widely they are spread across the surface. Density was independently scored on a scale from 1 to 10 by two blinded operators who were unaware of the sample group assignments (i.e., activated vs control). The individual scores were subsequently averaged to obtain a representative value for each parameter per sample.
Mean bon loss
MBL will be measured at 1-year follow up using orthopanoramic or endo-oral Xray.
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