Cesarean section is one of the most common abdominal operations performed on women. The cesarean section rate is rising rapidly and continuously in many parts of the world. The cesarean-section surgery leaves a scar that requires special care. A horizontal skin incision approximately 10-15 cm long is usually performed during the procedure. Apart from the skin, the following: subcutaneous tissue, fascia, peritoneum, and uterine muscle are cut leaving traces in the form of scars and accompanying ailments, on the one hand, such as pain, tenderness, and hypersensitivity to stimuli, and on the other, limitations, such as contractures or impairment of tissue mobility
None
None
Parallel
Phonophoresis
Other interventionPulsed ultrasound will be used at a frequency of 1 MHz with an intensity of 0.5 W/ cm2 for 5 minutes.
sham ultrasound
Other interventionsham ultrasound
Modified Vancouver scar scale
Assesses four characteristics of vascularity, pigmentation, pliability, and height The larger the The larger the total score, the worse the scar . Normal skin (zero score)
Tonometer
Tonometer The measurement area is placed directly under the tissue tonometer. A blunt piston is pressed into the tissue by the weight, and the resulting output reading is shown. The measurements are proportional to the tissue's pliability. All measurement procedures will be explained to each woman in both groups.
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