To compare the effect of Pilates Training Versus High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Asthmatic Patients.
51 patients diagnosed with a clinical diagnosis of asthma and a history of respiratory illness, aged between 30 and 40 years.
Medically stable and capable of performing physical exercise.
All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment.
body mass index 25.0 - 29.9 (overweight)
Participants with musculoskeletal limitations, cardiovascular instability, or any contraindications to exercise were excluded.
Uncontrolled hypertension.
Cognitive impaired patients.
Severe Anemic patients.
Parallel
Pilates exercises
Other intervention17 Patients will perform Pilates exercises 40-60 mins, three times per week, over 8weeks. Pilates exercises include five movements: The Hundred, Single Leg Stretch, Side Kick, Toe Taps, and Leg Pull Front, all performed with structured breathing Patterns To Emphasize Respiratory Control And Core Stabilization
low-volume high-intensity interval training
Other intervention17 patients will engage in low-volume high-intensity interval training complemented by diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Each session begins with a 5-10 minute warm-up on a treadmill at 40% of heart rate reserve. The targeted heart rate during high-intensity interval training is set at 85-90% of heart rate reserve plus resting heart rate. Participants will complete 3-minute high-intensity interval training intervals at the specified intensity, alternating with 2 minutes of moderate-intensity recovery at 60-70% heart rate reserve. Total exercise duration is 25-30 minutes, concluding with a 5-minute cool-down at 30% heart rate reserve.
diaphragmatic breathing exercise.
Other interventionBreathing in slowly and deeply through the nose using the diaphragm with a minimum movement of the chest in a supine position with one hand placed on the chest and the other on the belly. During breathing, practitioners should be careful that chest remains as still as possible and stomach moves against the hand focusing on contracting the diaphragm. Generally, diaphragmatic breathing practitioners inhale and exhale for approximately six seconds, respectively
assessment of maximum oxygen consumption
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is essential for evaluating patient symptoms, disease severity, prognosis, and therapy responses. It assesses the interaction of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems with other bodily systems. maximum oxygen consumption is calculated using the Bruce protocol via the Ergo Spiro Device. This protocol involves a multi-stage treadmill test, starting at a 10% grade and increasing speed and grade every three minutes until exhaustion. Subjects must refrain from eating, smoking, and consuming caffeine before testing, and avoid intense exercise leading up to the test.
assessment of Quality of Life
The Mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire is a shortened, 15-item version of the original questionnaire, designed to accurately assess the quality of life in asthmatic patients without consuming much time. It evaluates four domains: symptoms, activity limitation, emotional function, and environmental stimuli, based on the respondents' experiences over the past two weeks. it employs a 7-point Likert scale, where 7 indicates no impairment and 1 signifies significant impairment
assessment of dyspnea
The Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale is a validated, numerical rating scale used to quantify the subjective perception of breathlessness during physical activity or exercise. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no breathlessness and 10 represents maximal or extremely severe breathlessness. Participants are instructed to rate their perceived level of dyspnea immediately after or during exercise, providing a simple, reliable, and clinically applicable measure of symptom intensity for monitoring exercise tolerance and evaluating treatment outcomes.
assessment of asthma symptoms
Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6) is a six-item questionnaire designed to measure asthma symptoms. The questionnaire is scored by the mean of all items (0-6), with higher scores indicating poorer control.
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