This study aims to investigate the improvement effect of visual-guided balance training on the knee joint function and gait performance of patients after ACLR, and to clarify the advantages of this training program compared to conventional rehabilitation training; at the same time, by including healthy individuals as the control group, it quantifies the differences in knee joint function and gait performance between patients after ACLR and healthy individuals, to verify whether visual-guided balance training can more effectively narrow the functional gap between patients after ACLR and healthy individuals, and promote the recovery of patients' knee joint function and gait closer to the healthy level. Ultimately, it provides scientific theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimization of the rehabilitation plan after ACLR, and helps patients achieve comprehensive and high-quality recovery.
Age between 18 and 45 years old;
Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging from 18.5 kg/m² to less than 35 kg/m²;
First unilateral ACL rupture and reconstruction surgery performed at this hospital;
Autologous hamstring tendon transplantation;
Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction more than one year after the injury;
Patients with severe injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament or lateral collateral ligament (more than grade I; grade II is partial tear, thickening and tortuosity of the ligament, partial fiber interruption, and swelling of the surrounding soft tissues; grade III is complete rupture). ； Combined with severe meniscus tear;
Has a history of previous knee surgery, such as meniscus repair, ligament reconstruction, joint replacement, joint cleaning, etc.;
Has other knee joint diseases, such as: knee osteoarthritis, knee joint tumor, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, knee joint infection or inflammatory diseases, fracture, dislocation or other bone injuries, etc.;
Parallel
Traditional group
Other interventionBased on the traditional standardized rehabilitation program, additional universal balance training content has been added. Starting from the 5th week after the surgery and continuing until the 14th week, three times a week for a total of 10 weeks, the training duration was one and a half hours each time.
Intervention Group
Other interventionBased on the conventional standardized rehabilitation program, add the content of visual-guided balance training.Starting from the 5th week after the surgery and continuing until the 14th week, three times a week for a total of 10 weeks, the training duration was one and a half hours each time.
Vicon 3D Gait Testing
The subjects first underwent a static test, and then chose to perform tests of slow jogging, walking and single-leg balance at their own pace. Observe the three-dimensional plane joint angles（degree) of each joint in the lower limbs.
Vicon 3D Gait Testing
The subjects first underwent a static test, and then chose to perform tests of slow jogging, walking and single-leg balance at their own pace. Observe the three-dimensional plane joint torques (BW×BH）of each joint in the lower limbs.
Vicon 3D Gait Testing
After a static trial, participants performed self-paced tests of slow jogging, walking, and single-leg balance while three-dimensional ground reaction forces （BW)at each lower-limb joint were recorded.
isokinetic muscle strength
This isokinetic muscle strength test selected two angular velocities: 60°/second (slow speed) and 180°/second (medium speed). Observe the relative peak torque （ N·m/kg）of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles.
Lysholm Knee Joint Scoring Scale
The Lysholm Knee Joint Scoring Scale is a tool used to evaluate the function of the knee joint and to monitor the rehabilitation process after knee joint injury or surgery. The score ranges from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating better recovery of knee joint function. The score ranges from 0 to 100.
International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Assessment Scale
The International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Assessment Scale is a comprehensive tool used to evaluate knee joint function. It aims to provide standardized assessment for patients with knee joint injuries or after surgery, with a score range of 0 to 100. The higher the score, the better.
Visual Analogue Score
It is mainly used to rate the degree of patient's pain, with scores ranging from 0 to 10. The lower the score, the better.
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11
TSK-11 (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11, a simplified version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) is a tool used to assess an individual's fear of movement/body activity (kinesiophobia). It consists of 11 items, with a total score ranging from 11 to 44; the scoring rule is as follows: ≤ 26 points indicate no significant kinesiophobia, while \> 26 points indicate the presence of kinesiophobia, and the higher the score, the greater the fear of movement and the more severe the avoidance tendency.
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