Effectiveness of Sacral Massage on Labor Pain, Depression, Stress, and Anxiety

Labor pain

This part involves the assessment of pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). (2) The patients were asked to rate the pain before and immediately after the drain tube removal. Hayes and Patterson first used VAS in 1921. (2) The VAS has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable interval scale. (3) Since the VAS is freely available and open access, its use does not require prior permission. In the 1970s, VAS was first used to assess the quality of life of cancer patients. VAS has been used in numerous studies assessing a range of factors since the 1990s, and more recently, it has been applied to evaluate specific conditions like pain. (4-6) In international literature, VAS has a long history of success and is easy to use. On the 10-centimeter-long scale, which has a left and right end for "no pain" and "severe pain," respectively, the subjects can indicate how much pain they are experiencing. The VAS can be used to convert some non-quantifiable values into numerical values. (7)

VAS for pain

This part involves the assessment of pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The patients were asked to rate the pain before and immediately after the drain tube removal. Hayes and Patterson first used VAS in 1921. The VAS has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable interval scale. Since the VAS is freely available and open access, its use does not require prior permission. In the 1970s, VAS was first used to assess the quality of life of cancer patients. VAS has been used in numerous studies assessing a range of factors since the 1990s, and more recently, it has been applied to evaluate specific conditions like pain. In international literature, VAS has a long history of success and is easy to use. On the 10-centimeter-long scale, which has a left and right end for "no pain" and "severe pain," respectively, the subjects can indicate how much pain they are experiencing. The VAS can be used to convert some non-quantifiable values into numerical values.

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress will be measured by DASS scale

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) will be chosen to assess the level of different categories of psychological stress during drain tube removal among post-bariatric surgery patients. The DASS is a series of three self-report scales used to determine the mental states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Each of the three DASS scales has seven elements, that are categorized into subscales, which are all assessed on depression scale, anxiety scale, and stress scale. DASS Arabic was produced by one study. (36) This includes 21 items in a clear and understandable Arabic language, which includes 7 items for depression, 7 items for stress, and 7 items for anxiety. The DASS questionnaire is in the public domain, so permission is not needed. The DASS questionnaire and scoring key were downloaded from the DASS website and copied without restriction. This is the rating scale as follows: (0 did not apply to me at all), (1 applied to me to some degree, or some of the time), (2 applied