This study will evaluate whether Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) helps reduce symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in emerging adults in Pakistan. Participants will first be screened to identify those with mild to moderate levels of GAD. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive either SFT or be placed on a waitlist. The researcher will measure changes in anxiety symptoms before and after the intervention to determine whether SFT is effective for emerging adults with GAD in Pakistan.
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Solution-Focused Therapy
BehavioralParticipants in intervention group will receive Solution-Focused Therapy. The program includes approximately 6-8 individual sessions (45-60 minutes) covering goal-setting, exception-finding, scaling questions, the miracle question, identification of existing strengths and resources, and construction of solution-focused action steps.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7)
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale assesses severity of anxiety symptoms. Total scores range from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - Short Form (DASS-21)
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - Short Form (DASS-21) measures emotional distress. The total score ranges from 0 to 63 (combining depression, anxiety, and stress subscales). Higher scores indicate more severe emotional distress.
Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Form (IUS-12)
The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short Form assesses reactions to ambiguous situations. Total scores range from 12 to 60. Higher scores indicate a greater intolerance of uncertainty.
Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ)
The Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ) evaluates dysfunctional cognitive attitudes toward problem-solving. Total scores range from 12 to 60. Higher scores indicate a more negative problem orientation.
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF)
The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF) assesses emotion dysregulation. Total scores range from 18 to 90. Higher scores indicate greater difficulty in regulating emotions.
Brief Resilience Scale
The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) measures the ability to recover from stress. Total scores range from 6 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater resilience (a better outcome).
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