This research helps to close an important gap in the provision of care to ICU families and introduces a structured and accessible psychological intervention to family caregivers of long-stay ICU patients. The findings are expected to contribute to the integration of stress management training in family-centered nursing practices and contribute to improved psychological well-being of the caregivers of families in intensive care settings.
Aged 18 years or older.
Identified as the primary caregiver or main family companion of a patient admitted to the ICU.
The patient has had an ICU stay of more than 10 consecutive days.
Able to communicate verbally and complete the study questionnaires.
A history of a psychiatric disorder that substantially impairs their ability to understand the study procedures, communicate effectively, or complete the study questionnaires reliably.
Parallel
Stress Management Training Program
Behavioralstructured program of stress management training, including: * Education regarding stress, burden on caregivers and emotional response during ICU settings. * Identification of personal stressors of prolonged ICU hospitalization. * Cognitive techniques for recognizing and changing the negative or unhelpful thought patterns. * Problem-solving skills to manage challenges of care effective.
Perceived Stress Score
Perceived stress will be assessed using the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The PSS assesses the level of perceived stress experienced over the previous month. The PSS is available in three versions, including the PSS-14. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). After reverse-scoring the positively worded items, the item scores are summed to produce a total score ranging from 0 to 56. Higher total scores indicate greater perceived stress. The unit of measure is the total PSS-14 score (0-56).
Caregiver Burden as Measured by the 12-Item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12)
Caregiver burden will be assessed using the 12-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12). The ZBI-12 consists of 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 4 (nearly always), with a total score ranging from 0 to 48. Higher total scores indicate greater perceived caregiver burden. The unit of measure is the total ZBI-12 score (0-48).
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