Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in female soccer and frequently occur during change-of-direction (COD) movements without contact. Biomechanical deficits during these movements are considered important risk factors.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of a targeted injury-prevention program on biomechanical movement quality and performance during change-of-direction tasks in female soccer players.
Participants will perform a 90° cutting task during which biomechanical movement quality will be assessed using the Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS), while performance will be evaluated using cutting time measured with photoelectric timing gates. Participants will also perform the 505 Agility Test to assess additional change-of-direction performance.
In addition, subjective perceptions of functional confidence and performance will be collected using Likert-scale questionnaires.
The study will assess whether a structured prevention program integrated into regular training can improve biomechanical movement patterns and change-of-direction performance.
Female soccer players aged 13 to 16 years
Female soccer players training at least 3 times per week
Ability to provide informed consent (parental consent required for minors)
Previous lower-limb surgery
Current musculoskeletal injury
Refusal to participate or withdrawal of consent
Parallel
Targeted Injury Prevention Program
BehavioralA structured injury prevention program integrated into regular soccer training sessions and performed twice per week for six weeks. The program includes exercises targeting neuromuscular control, lower-limb strength, trunk stability, balance, plyometric ability, and change-of-direction technique.
CMAS Score during a 90° Change-of-Direction Cutting Task
Biomechanical movement quality during a 90° change-of-direction cutting task assessed using the Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS), reflecting the kinematic quality of the movement.
Cutting Time during a 90° Change-of-Direction Cutting Task
Execution time (cutting time) during a 90° change-of-direction cutting task measured using photoelectric timing gates to assess change-of-direction performance.
505 Agility Test Time
Execution time during the 505 Agility Test measuring change-of-direction performance, recorded using photoelectric timing gates.
Subjective Functional Confidence and Performance Perception Scores
Self-reported perceptions of functional confidence and perceived performance during change-of-direction movements assessed using Likert-scale questionnaires using a 0-10 Likert scale.
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