Hospitalization due to acute illness often leads to a decline in physical function and quality of life, which significantly impacts the emotional well-being of patients, their families, and primary caregivers. Emotional well-being is a critical aspect of overall health, enabling individuals to cope with and adapt to health challenges. Addressing this dimension within the hospital setting is vital to improving patient outcomes, particularly from a biopsychosocial perspective that considers physical, psychological, and social factors.
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in enhancing the emotional well-being of hospitalized patients. While early physiotherapy is well-documented for its benefits in preventing complications and improving physical recovery, there is limited research demonstrating its impact on emotional well-being. Furthermore, data on the effects of prolonged hospitalization on the biopsychosocial health of patients is lacking.
Conducted at the Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (Madrid, Spain), a high-complexity hospital, this project will assess the role of physiotherapy not only in physical recovery but also in fostering emotional support. The intervention is designed to provide both therapeutic and emotional benefits, incorporating moments of relaxation and leisure into the treatment sessions. The study aligns with the growing global trend towards person-centered care and the humanization of healthcare.
This approach emphasizes a more holistic and personalized patient experience, where physiotherapy contributes to the overall health and well-being of the patient, addressing their physical and emotional needs.
Participants must be deemed eligible for physiotherapy treatment during their hospital stay, as determined by the medical team.
Cognitive Function: Participants must have a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 24 points or higher, indicating sufficient cognitive function.
Participants must have received a minimum of 4 physiotherapy sessions during their hospital stay.
A primary caregiver must be identified and available to participate in the study, although the caregiver does not need to be a family member.
Language Impairment: Patients with a language disorder that affects their ability to communicate effectively, thereby preventing them from providing informed consent or fully participating in the study.
Language Barriers: Patients who encounter substantial linguistic barriers that cannot be overcome with the provision of interpretation or translation services, thus limiting their ability to comprehend or fully engage in the study.
Patients Undergoing Specific Physiotherapeutic Treatments: Patients currently enrolled in physiotherapy programs standardized by the hospital's rehabilitation service for the following conditions: movement recovery, knee prosthesis, hip prosthesis, cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, and bariatric surgery.
Single group
Physiotherapy
Other interventionThe subjects will receive the first physiotherapy session : early mobilization, postural and joint ergonomics, sensory stimulation, temporal-spatial orientation and health education for the patient and the main caregiver are carried out.The plan will progress with postural control in a seated position, head and trunk control, re-education of transfers, balance, standing and walking, depending on the subject's abilities.The second physical therapy session incorporates taste and preference-based elements into the therapy itself. The third physiotherapy session is planned to take place in the physiotherapy unit. Following the individualized session, group interaction is encouraged, whether with other patients, the rehabilitation team and/or the patient's primary caregiver.In the fourth physiotherapy session, it is promoted therapeutic compliance.
WHO-5 Well-Being Index
Emotional well-being will be assessed using the WHO-5 scale, a 5-item questionnaire that gathers ordinal qualitative data. Scores range from 0 to 25, where 25 represents the highest level of emotional well-being.
EQ-5D-5L Scale
Quality of life will be assessed using the EQ-5D scale, which covers five domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each domain is scored using five response options, with higher scores indicating more unfavorable conditions. A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100 will also be used to measure the patient's overall perception of health, where 100 represents optimal health.
Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC) Scale. Gait capacity
Gait capacity will be evaluated using the FAC scale, which measures the degree of independence in walking. The scale consists of one item rated from 0 to 5, with 5 indicating the highest level of walking independence.
Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI)
The well-being of the family member or primary caregiver will be measured using the CCFNI, which consists of 14 items. The total score ranges from 14 to 56, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes.
Patient satisfaction: Study-Specific Questionnaire
Patient satisfaction will be assessed using a 6-item questionnaire designed specifically for this study. Each item is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 indicating the highest level of satisfaction.
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