This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided ankle block on sensory and motor block characteristics and postoperative analgesic outcomes in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery. The study will compare diabetic and non-diabetic patients and will also assess the impact of glycemic control on block onset time and postoperative analgesic consumption.
Ankle block is commonly used in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery, particularly in those with diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, or vascular disease, when general or neuraxial anesthesia may not be suitable. Previous studies suggest that diabetic neuropathy and impaired glycemic control may influence the onset and duration of peripheral nerve blocks.
Adult patients scheduled for lower extremity surgery under ankle block will be included. All procedures will be performed as part of routine clinical care, and no additional interventions will be applied for research purposes. Sensory and motor block onset times, postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption within the first 24 hours, and patient and surgeon satisfaction will be recorded.
The results of this study are expected to provide clinically relevant information regarding the effects of diabetes and glycemic control on ankle block characteristics and postoperative analgesia.
Adults aged 18 years and older.
Patients scheduled for lower extremity surgery under ultrasound-guided ankle block as part of routine clinical care.
Patients able to provide written informed consent.
Availability of complete perioperative data including blood glucose levels, -HbA1c values, pain scores, and postoperative analgesic consumption.
Refusal or inability to provide informed consent.
Failure of ankle block requiring conversion to another anesthesia technique.
Known coagulation disorders contraindicating peripheral nerve block.
Active infection at the site of block application.
Single group
Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Block
Procedure/SurgeryUltrasound-guided ankle block performed as part of routine clinical practice for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. The procedure is not administered as an experimental intervention and is not assigned by the study protocol
Sensory Block Onset Time
Time from completion of ultrasound-guided ankle block to the onset of sensory block, assessed using pinprick testing (score 0: no sensation, 1: reduced sensation, 2: normal sensation).
Motor Block Onset Time
Time from completion of ankle block to onset of motor block, assessed by ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength, measured in minutes.
Total Opioid Consumption in the First 24 Hours
Total amount of opioid analgesics consumed within the first 24 hours postoperatively, calculated as intravenous morphine equivalents in milligrams.
Postoperative Pain Scores
Postoperative pain intensity assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate worse outcome.
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