The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to investigate whether blood flow restriction training can improve physical function and sports performance in artistic jump rope athletes. The study will include 30 healthy artistic jump rope athletes aged 18 to 25 years. The main questions this study aims to answer are:
1. Does blood flow restriction training improve neuromuscular function compared with conventional training? 2. Does blood flow restriction training improve muscle strength, power, body composition, physiological responses, and artistic jump rope performance?
Researchers will compare participants receiving blood flow restriction training with participants performing conventional training to determine whether blood flow restriction training provides additional benefits. Participants will complete an 8-week training program and undergo assessments before and after the intervention, including muscle function tests, physical performance tests, body composition measurements, and physiological response evaluations.
Adults aged 18 to 25 years.
Current artistic jump rope athletes with at least 2 years of regular artistic jump rope training experience.
Participants who are able to perform artistic jump rope skills and complete all study-related assessments and training procedures.
Participants who are physically healthy and have no medical conditions that may interfere with exercise testing or blood flow restriction training.
Participants younger than 18 years or older than 25 years.
Presence of cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, respiratory disease, neurological disease, metabolic disease, coagulation disorders, history of thrombosis, severe varicose veins, severe hypertension, or other conditions that may affect exercise safety.
Presence of acute or chronic musculoskeletal injuries, including injuries involving muscles, joints, ligaments, tendons, or bones, that prevent safe completion of study procedures.
Significant pain, severe fatigue, insufficient recovery, poor sleep condition, or other health conditions that may affect exercise performance or participant safety.
Parallel
Blood Flow Restriction Training
BehavioralAn 8-week blood flow restriction training program combined with regular artistic jump rope training. External pressure will be applied using a blood flow restriction device during selected training sessions.
Conventional Artistic Jump Rope Training
BehavioralAn 8-week conventional artistic jump rope training program without blood flow restriction.
Change in Neuromuscular Function Assessed by Surface Electromyography and Maximal Voluntary Contraction
Neuromuscular function will be assessed using surface electromyography (sEMG) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) testing. Outcome measures include muscle activation amplitude, root mean square (RMS, μV), integrated electromyography (iEMG, μV·s), mean power frequency (MPF, Hz), and maximal voluntary contraction force (N).
Change in Upper Limb Muscle Strength Assessed by Hand Grip Strength Test
Upper limb muscle strength will be assessed using grip strength testing. The outcome measure is maximal voluntary grip force (kg) measured during maximal effort contraction.
Change in One-Repetition Maximum Strength
Maximal muscle strength will be assessed using one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing. The outcome measure is the maximal load successfully completed during the strength test (kg).
Change in Lower Limb Explosive Power Assessed by Three-Dimensional Force Platform
Lower limb explosive power and jump performance will be assessed using a three-dimensional force platform during jump testing. Outcome measures include jump height (cm), peak ground reaction force (N), peak power output (W), and rate of force development (N/s).
Change in Upper Limb Anaerobic Power During Wingate Test
Upper limb anaerobic power will be assessed using a 30-second upper limb Wingate test performed on an arm crank ergometer. Outcome measures include peak power output (W), mean power output (W), relative peak power output (W/kg), total work (J), and fatigue index (%).
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