Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder accompanied by sedentary lifestyles, which worsens cognitive function and physical health. Short-duration high-frequency exercise snacks (ES) may be a feasible intervention for adults with ID. This randomized controlled crossover study aims to explore the acute effects of exercise snacks, conventional HIIT and daily routine control on cognitive function, stereotyped behaviors and prefrontal cortex activation in adults with mild to moderate ID. All participants will receive three intervention conditions with a 1-week washout period between each trial. Neurophysiological indicators including EEG and heart rate variability will be measured to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
Aged 18-35 years old;
Clinically diagnosed mild to moderate intellectual disability;
Able to follow simple verbal instructions and complete exercise protocols;
No contraindications for moderate physical activity confirmed by medical inquiry;
Severe physical disabilities, orthopedic injury or neurological disorders that restrict movement;
History of cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension or other exercise contraindications;
Current psychiatric medication that significantly affects motor or cognitive function;
Inability to cooperate with EEG and physiological signal collection;
Crossover
High-Intensity Interval Training
BehavioralAcute high-intensity interval training protocol: 10 × 6 s high-knee exercise with 9 s rest between sets, completed in a single afternoon session.
Exercise Snacks
BehavioralTwice-daily short-bout exercise snacks. Each session includes 5 sets of 6-second high-knee exercise with 9 seconds rest between sets.
Changes in cognitive function assessed by cognitive test battery
Changes in cognitive performance measured after each intervention condition, including attention and executive function.
Prefrontal cortex activation measured by electroencephalography (EEG)
Changes in prefrontal cortical brain activity indexed by EEG power spectrum during cognitive tasks.
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