This study will examine whether short bouts of resistance training incorporated into physical education lessons can improve health-related physical fitness in secondary school students aged 15-16 years.
A total of 264 students will participate in two successive cohorts. School classes, rather than individual students, will be randomly assigned to study groups. In the first cohort, three resistance-training programs using low, moderate, or high training loads will be compared with usual physical education. The program producing the most consistent beneficial changes will then be tested in a new group of students in the second cohort and compared with usual physical education.
Each training program will last eight weeks. Participants will be assessed before the intervention, halfway through it, immediately after it, and eight weeks after it ends. Assessments will include body composition, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, jumping performance, trunk muscular endurance, and sprint performance.
The study will evaluate both average changes in each group and the proportion of students showing improvements greater than the expected measurement error of the tests.
Enrollment in the second year of a participating secondary school.
Participation in regular physical education lessons at the participating school.
No health contraindications to physical exercise.
Written informed consent from the participant and, for participants who are minors, written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian.
Acute or chronic musculoskeletal injury preventing safe participation in the exercise intervention or physical fitness assessments.
Chronic disease or other medical condition constituting a contraindication to physical exercise.
Medical recommendation limiting participation in physical activity.
Acute infection or other temporary health condition preventing safe participation in a scheduled assessment.
Sequential
Resistance training microdosing during physical education
BehavioralTeacher-supervised resistance training incorporated into physical education over eight weeks using body weight, dumbbells, medicine balls, and resistance bands. Cohort I compares three prescriptions: low-load (2-3 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 30-40 s rest, 3-4 repetitions in reserve), medium-load (3-4 sets, 8-12 repetitions, about 60 s rest, 2-3 repetitions in reserve), and high-load (4-5 sets, 6-8 repetitions, about 90 s rest, 1-2 repetitions in reserve). Progression occurs every two weeks through changes in repetitions, rest, external resistance, or sets. Cohort II receives the program selected from Cohort I based on the frequency of improvements exceeding minimal detectable change.
6
Treatment groupsSee each treatment group below.
Change in Body Fat Percentage
Body fat percentage will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Measurements will be obtained at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 16. Change from baseline at each post-baseline assessment will be analyzed and expressed in percentage points.
Change in Muscle Mass
Muscle mass will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Measurements will be obtained at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 16. Change from baseline at each post-baseline assessment will be analyzed.
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
Systolic blood pressure will be measured after five minutes of seated rest. Three measurements will be obtained at each assessment, and the mean of the three measurements will be used for analysis. Change from baseline at each post-baseline assessment will be analyzed.
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic blood pressure will be measured after five minutes of seated rest. Three measurements will be obtained at each assessment, and the mean of the three measurements will be used for analysis. Change from baseline at each post-baseline assessment will be analyzed.
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Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences
Lead sponsor
Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland
Collaborator
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