The impact of a proprietary training program in normobaric hypoxia on changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women falls within the realm of physical culture for an active and healthy society. Within this context, the implementation of a project is supported aiming to:
1. Monitor, support, and promote physical development, fitness, and physical activity in society, by assessing the effects of a proprietary training program in normobaric hypoxia on changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women. 2. Develop and implement innovative methods, forms, and means of physical activation and training for individuals of various ages, by formulating general assumptions of an endurance-strength training concept under normobaric hypoxia conditions, concerning changes in bone turnover markers as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in premenopausal women. 3. Prevent injuries in physical education and sports, by designing a useful training program for osteoporosis prevention as well as for managing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in premenopausal women.
No significant cardiovascular, respiratory system diseases and musculoskeletal system,
No contraindications to physical activity. ECG, baseline urinalysis, morphology are required.
T-score within normal limits (+1.0 to -1.0).
Informed consent of the patient to participate in the study.
Use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Use of substances (cigarettes, alcohol).
Any training (including hypoxia training or exposure) performed in the 6 months prior to the beginning of the intervention
Any other factors determined by the study investigators as unsuitable for participation.
Parallel
exercise and environmental conditions
Other interventionParticipants will perform endurance-strength training for 4 weeks in a variety of environmental conditions. Somatic indices and quantitative indicators of bone mass (bone mineral density) will be measured both before and after the training period. Before the first training day and the day after the last training day, blood will be drawn for biochemical analysis.
exercise and environmental conditions
Other interventionPassive exposure to normobaric hypoxia conditions. No training intervention. There will be a measurement of selected somatic indices and a quantitative measurement of bone mass indices (bone mineral density). A blood draw for biochemical analysis will be performed.
Blood analysis- part 1
Bone turnover markers: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ng/ml), osteocalcin (ng/ml), N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ng/ml), osteoprotegerin (ng/ml), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolite (ng/ml).
Blood analysis- part 2
Hormones of lipid metabolism: adiponectin (μg/mL)
Blood analysis- part 3
Hormones of lipid metabolism: lipid profile (mg/dL)
Blood analysis- part 4
Hormones of lipid metabolism: lipoprotein atherogenicity index (no unit)
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University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
Lead sponsor
Ministry of Education and Science,Poland
Collaborator
