This study is a multicenter cross-sectional observational study, aiming to include approximately 200 patients aged 18-75 years who are using hydrocodone sustained-release tablets or oxycodone sustained-release tablets for pain management of moderate to severe cancer pain. Baseline information, tumor history, and comorbidities of the subjects will be collected through electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO), and the pain condition will be evaluated using BPI, acute pain assessment tools, etc. Sleep-related indicators will be collected using Huawei smart wearable devices and PSQI, ISI scales. Psychological emotional states will be assessed using NCCN psychological distress thermometer, HAMA, HAMD, etc. Blood samples will also be collected for relevant tests. The study sets up a screening baseline assessment period, a 1-week assessment period, and 1-month and 3-month follow-up periods after enrollment. The changes in relevant indicators will be tracked throughout the process, aiming to quantify the association between pain and insomnia, anxiety and depression, and to verify the potential mediating role of sleep disorders between pain and emotional disorders, providing a basis for optimizing the comprehensive symptom management of cancer pain patients.
Aged 18-75 years.
Histopathologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of malignancy, with moderate to severe cancer-related pain (NRS ≥ 4 points), meeting the WHO three-step analgesic ladder principle, having received opioid analgesic therapy for at least one week with a stable dose and well-controlled pain.
ECOG performance status score ≤ 3.
Possess basic cognitive function and ability to complete questionnaire-based assessments and wristband-based sleep monitoring.
Severe cognitive impairment, history of psychiatric disorder, or language/communication barriers that precludes completion of the assessments.
History of opioid abuse or dependence; history of alcohol or non-opioid substance abuse.
Severe hepatic or renal insufficiency (Child-Pugh Class C or eGFR < 30 mL/min).
Life expectancy < 3 months.
The subjects included patients with moderate to severe cancer pain who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study.
Case-only
Cross-sectional
No intervention
Other interventionNo intervention
Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Score
Pain intensity was assessed using the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The scale ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater severity of pain. The assessment was performed from day 1 to day 7 of the treatment phase.
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) Score
Anxiety levels were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). The HAM-A is a clinician-rated scale with a total score range of 0 to 56 points. Higher scores indicate greater severity of anxiety symptoms. The assessment was performed on day 7 of the treatment phase.
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Score
Depression levels were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The HAM-D is a clinician-rated scale with a total score range of 0 to 52 points (17-item version). Higher scores indicate greater severity of depressive symptoms. The assessment was performed on day 7 of the treatment phase.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Score
Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The total score ranges from 0 to 21 points. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality. The assessment was performed from day 1 to day 7 of the treatment phase.
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