This study aims to investigate the effects of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)-based lower extremity rehabilitation program on balance, gait performance, functional independence, and quality of life in individuals with stroke.
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and is commonly associated with impairments in motor control, balance, and walking ability, which negatively affect independence and daily functioning.
In this randomized controlled trial, participants with stroke will be randomly assigned to either a PNF-based rehabilitation group or a control group receiving conventional physiotherapy. The intervention will focus on lower extremity PNF techniques to improve motor control, balance, and gait performance.
Assessments will be conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention period.
The findings are expected to contribute to the development of evidence-based rehabilitation strategies for individuals with stroke.
Diagnosis of stroke confirmed by a neurologist
Age between 40 and 80 years
Ability to walk with or without an assistive device
Medically stable condition
Severe cognitive impairment preventing participation
Other neurological disorders affecting mobility
Severe musculoskeletal disorders affecting lower extremity function
Severe cardiovascular conditions contraindicating exercise
Parallel
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Training
Other interventionNo drug or medical device is used as part of the intervention. The study involves only physiotherapy-based rehabilitation programs. A structured PNF-based exercise program targeting lower extremity motor function, balance, and gait performance. The intervention will include techniques such as rhythmic initiation, dynamic reversals, stabilizing reversals, and rhythmic stabilization applied using diagonal movement patterns (D1 and D2). Exercises will be performed in functional positions (supine, sitting, standing) and progressively adjusted according to patient tolerance.
Conventional Physiotherapy
Other interventionStandard physiotherapy exercises including balance training, gait training, and strengthening exercises for individuals with stroke.
Berg Balance Scale
The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is a 14-item scale used to assess functional balance. Each item is scored from 0 to 4, with a total score ranging from 0 to 56. Higher scores indicate better balance performance.
Timed Up and Go Test
The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) measures functional mobility and dynamic balance. It records the time (in seconds) required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back, and sit down. Lower values indicate better performance.
Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (Lower Extremity)
The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (Lower Extremity section) evaluates motor recovery after stroke. Scores range from 0 to 34, with higher scores indicating better motor function.
10-Meter Walk Test
The 10-Meter Walk Test assesses walking speed (m/s). Higher walking speed indicates better gait performance.
6-Minute Walk Test
The 6-Minute Walk Test measures walking endurance and functional exercise capacity as the total distance walked in meters. Higher values indicate better performance.
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