The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effect of a combined therapeutic intervention program with anaerobic exercises (resistance exercises) and dual tasks on the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
• How effective will a therapeutic intervention program combining resistance exercises with dual tasks be in improving the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment living in the community? Researchers will compare the effectiveness of a resistance exercise training program combined with dual tasks versus a resistance-only exercise training program to see if it improves the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Participants Will:
* Receive resistance exercises, resistance exercises combined with dual tasks. or the standard health care. The intervention programs will consist of 3 weekly sessions over 8 weeks. * Before the start and after the completion of the programs, they will be evaluated using a battery of tests. This includes sociodemographic and general health background, physical fitness tests, as well as assessments of executive functions and oculomotor Saccadic movements and anti-saccadic error. * be required to sign a consent form.
Men and women aged 60 years or older
Score between 10 and 25 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale
Provide informed consent
Visual or auditory disability that impedes communication
Previous diagnosis of dementia
Wheelchair use
Epilepsy
Parallel
Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise)
Procedure/SurgeryThe intervention period will last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week. Each resistance training session will last one hour and will consist of three parts: the first part will include joint mobility and basic preparatory movements; the second part will involve the resistance training itself (with added weight); and finally, the third part will feature breathing exercises and stretches as a cool-down. Weighted exercises will focus on the elbow flexor/extensor groups and the knee flexor/extensor groups through bilateral leg presses, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexion-extension exercises, performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions for each muscle group trained. The training intensity for the first two weeks will be set at 60% of 1RM and will then be increased to the target intensity (80% of 1RM) by at least week 7 of the training. To ensure that the training program is progressive, a 1RM strength evaluation will be performed every two weeks, to adjust the training load.
Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual Task
Combination productThe anaerobic (resistance) exercise training group combined with dual tasks will follow the same protocol as the previously described anaerobic therapeutic exercise training and will additionally incorporate memory and arithmetic tasks concurrently during the exercises. The intervention period will also last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, and each training session will last one hour (Pantoja-Cardoso et al. 2023).
Physical-functional condition - Risk of falls
The physical-functional condition, specifically the risk of falls of participants will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Description: Time in seconds required to stand up from a chair, walk three meters, turn, return, and sit down. Unit of Measure: Seconds (s)
Executive function - Inhibitory control
Participants' inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop Colour Test. Performance will be evaluated through response time. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms)
Oculomotor Function- Saccadic and anti-saccadic oculomotor movement
Saccadic and anti-saccadic eye movements will be assessed using a non-invasive electrooculography (EOG) system (ADInstruments PTK15 EOG model and AD Instruments Brazil PowerLab T26-3079). Two surface electrodes will be placed at the outer canthi of the right and left eyes, with a ground electrode positioned on the forehead. Synchronization between target illumination and EOG signals will be controlled using LabChart software (version 7, Research Ltd.). Performance will be evaluated based on movement latency during visual tasks: left-to-right for saccadic movements and right-to-left for anti-saccadic movements. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms).
Physical - functional condition - Physical function
The Physical-functional condition, specifically Participants' physical function will be assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Description: Composite score evaluating balance, gait speed, and lower limb strength. Unit of Measure: Points on a scale (0-12).
Sociodemographic variable - Age
Age of participants recorded during the first meeting. Unit of Measure: Years
Sociodemographic variable - Sex
Sex of participants recorded during the first meeting. Unit of Measure: Male/Female (categorical variable).
Sociodemographic variables-Educational Level
Highest educational level attained by participants. Unit of Measure: Categorical variable (e.g., primary, secondary, higher education).
Health indicators- Comorbidities
Presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia, collected through validated questionnaires. Unit of Measure: Presence/absence (binary categorical variable).
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Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
Lead sponsor
University of Valencia
Collaborator
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