Cesarean section is one of the most common surgical interventions in many countries. It is seen that 21.1% of women worldwide, 57.5% in Turkey, give birth by cesarean section. 99.6% of women have pain in the first 24 hours after cesarean section and oral analgesia is not sufficient for pain. It is seen that pain has an effect on recovery and breastfeeding after CS.This study will be conducted to determine the effects of non-pharmacological methods, virtual reality glasses, focusing and expressive touch on pain, anxiety, breastfeeding and mobilization in women giving birth by cesarean section. The ınvestigators aim to contribute to the midwifery and nursing care literature with the findings and results of the study.
Those who do not have any vision, hearing or perception problems,
Those who do not have any communication problems (can speak Turkish),
Those who accept to participate in the study verbally and in writing were included in the study.
Those who are between the ages of 18-35,
Exclusion Criteria from the Study
Receiving controlled analgesia after cesarean section
Having a psychiatric diagnosis such as anxiety and depression
Those who develop postpartum complications
Parallel
Virtual reality glasses (VR) application
BehavioralIt will be evaluated at 1 and 6 hours after the Caesarean section and a relaxing video called Relaxation (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1iboKia3AQ, a video containing nature scenes accompanied by nature sounds) will be shown for a maximum of 20 minutes through virtual reality glasses (Toker and Gökduman Keleş, 2024).
Those who are applied expressive touch
BehavioralExpressive touch does not require any preparation other than warming the hands to the same temperature as the body temperature. During expressive touch practice; the parts of the body that are touched the most are the hands, arms, forehead, hair and shoulders. The hands are massaged during the touch and the arms and shoulders are lightly touched before and after the massage, so that the expressive touch made on the hands is effective (Pinar and Demirel, 2021; Routasalo, 1999) After the evaluation, the researcher will apply expressive touch to one of the mother's hands for an average of 15-20 minutes
Focus
Behavioral. The researcher mother will be asked to focus on her baby for 10 minutes (Kiliçli Id and Zeyneloglu Id, 2024; Vamour et al., 2019).
Visual Analog Scale
The numerical pain rating scale (NAS) is used to assess anxiety severity. In the numerical rating scale, anxiety is between 0 and 10 points.
VAS Anxiety
The numerical pain rating scale (PAS) is used to assess anxiety severity. Anxiety is rated between 0 and 10 points on the numerical rating scale
Mobilization
The decision to start or continue mobilization will be made by the healthcare professional working in the clinic. The mobilization status of the women will be evaluated. The examiner will note the success or failure of the patient's mobilization along with its duration. (the beginning of the measurement was determined as the moment the patient got up from the sitting position and the end of the measurement was determined as the moment the patient returned to the bed). If the patient got up from the bed and started walking (took at least one step), they received a score of 1 (successful) on the questionnaire form. If they got up but did not take a single step while returning to the sitting position, they received a score of 0. The mobilization time will be measured in minutes
6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT)
6MWT will be used to evaluate the physical functions of patients. During this test, a 30-meter track with a hard surface will be walked at a normal pace for six minutes. This track is marked every 3 meters and a cone is placed at the end of this 30-meter track and the same track is returned around it. The researcher will record the distance the patient walks in 6 minutes in meters. The test will be performed in a 60-meter long hospital corridor.
Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Scale;
"Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Scale (BEDÖ) was developed by Jenny Ingram in 2014 and adapted to Turkish by Dolgun and her friends in 2017 . The scale was developed to evaluate breastfeeding problems and adequacy encountered frequently in the postpartum period. The mother is observed by a health professional during breastfeeding and the form is filled out by evaluating the mother and the baby in line with the criteria. The application time of the scale is 5-10 minutes. While the Cronbach's Alpha value of the original form of the tool was found to be 0.68, it was found to be 0.77 in the Turkish adaptation study. The measurement tool is a Likert-type scale consisting of 4 items: "positioning", "holding", "sucking" and "swallowing". Positioning/Holding: The baby should be well supported, leaned against the mother's body, laid on its side and its neck should not be bent. The nose should be opposite the nipple, the mother sho
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