The primary aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that remifentanil administered for analgesia prevents emergence agitation more effectively than fentanyl and N2O in patients undergoing rhinoplasty who received desflurane as an inhaled anesthetic agent. The secondary aim of the study was to compare the demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic data, surgical time and modified Aldrete score of patients who received different intraoperative analgesia methods.
None
Patients with a known history of allergy to the drugs to be administered in the study, ASA III and above, body mass index (BMI) 35>kg/m2, younger than 18 years of age, any problems that would prevent general anesthesia in the preoperative evaluation (upper respiratory tract infection, etc.), and those who did not agree to participate in the study were excluded from the study.
Parallel
Remifentanil
Drugremifentanil infusion
N2O
DrugUse of N2O for analgesia
Fentanyl
DrugUse of Fentanylfor analgesia
Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)
* 4 Combative, violent, danger to staff * 3 Pulls or removes tube(s) or catheters; aggressive * 2 Frequent non-purposeful movement, fights ventilator * 1 Anxious, apprehensive, but not aggressive 0 Alert and calm * 1 Awakens to voice (eye opening/contact) \> 10 seconds * 2 Light sedation; briefly awakens to voice (eye opening/contant) \< 10 seconds * 3 Moderate sedation; movement or eye opening. No eye contact * 4 Deep sedation; no response to voice, but movement or eye opening to physical stimulation * 5 Unarousable; no response to voice or physical stimulation
mean arterial pressure
mmHg
Heart rate
beats/min
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