Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids.

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract and can significantly affect the quality of life in reproductive-age women, causing symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, urinary disturbances, dyspareunia, and infertility. Traditional surgical interventions such as myomectomy and hysterectomy remain the standard of care, yet they are associated with considerable trauma, longer recovery times, and the loss of uterine function.

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive image-guided technique that uses microwave energy to induce coagulative necrosis in fibroid tissue, reducing its size and alleviating symptoms while preserving the uterus. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave thermal ablation (PMTA) in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Eligible participants are premenopausal women aged 25 years or older with symptomatic fibroids less than 10 cm in size and fewer than five in number. Exclusion criteria include pregnancy, bleeding disorders, chronic diseases contraindicating anesthesia, and ongoing anticoagulant therapy.

Each participant will undergo ultrasound-guided microwave ablation under aseptic conditions and sedation. Fibroid size, menstrual bleeding patterns, hemoglobin levels, and pain scores will be evaluated at baseline and during follow-up at 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome is the reduction in fibroid size, while secondary outcomes include symptom improvement and hemoglobin level changes.

This prospective case series will be conducted at Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt, with 20 participants referred from the Gynecology Department to the Interventional Radiology Unit. The results will provide valuable data on the clinical value of MWA as a uterus-preserving alternative for symptomatic uterine fibroids.