Children with sickle cell disease are at high risk of invasive bacterial infections, which may lead to serious complications. Preventive measures, including antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccination, have changed the epidemiology of these infections over time. New pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have recently become available, and updated data are needed to better understand which bacteria are currently responsible for invasive infections in this population.
The aim of this retrospective study is to describe the bacterial distribution of invasive bacterial infections in children with sickle cell disease in France between 2020 and 2025. The results may help improve knowledge of these infections and guide future prevention strategies, including antibiotic management and vaccination policies.
Children with sickle cell disease aged under 18 years
Hospitalized between January 2020 and December 2025
Hospitalized for an invasive bacterial infection clinically defined as meningitis, pleuropneumonia, osteoarticular infection, or primary bacteremia
Bacterium identified by culture or PCR
Opposition from the child or his/her parents
Bacterium identified by serology
Urinary tract infection
Children with sickle cell disease followed in participating French hospital centers
Cohort
Retrospective
Not listed
To establish the bacterial distribution of invasive infections in children with sickle cell disease in France (bacteremia, meningitis, osteoarticular or pleural infections) between 2020 and 2025
Proportion of the different bacteria involved in IBIs in children with sickle cell disease
To establish correlations between the identified bacteria and the children's clinical characteristics
Comparison of clinical characteristics of children according to the main bacterial pathogens
To assess the theoretical coverage of PCV13, PCV15 and PCV20 vaccines against the serotypes of S. pneumoniae strains responsible for invasive infections
Distribution of S. pneumoniae serotypes and proportion of serotypes covered by PCV15, PCV20 and PCV21 vaccines
To calculate the incidence of IBIs in febrile children with sickle cell disease in the subgroup of centres able to provide the number of patient-years over this period
Incidence of IBIs in febrile children with sickle cell disease in the subgroup of centres able to provide the number of patient-years over this period
To estimate the incidence of IBIs in children with sickle cell disease in France
Incidence of IBIs in children with sickle cell disease in France
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