About this trial
Investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness and implementations of Pre-Game Safety Huddles (Huddles) in youth soccer.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Children between the ages of 9 and 13 on eligible teams in participating leagues.
Soccer coaches of children between the ages of 9 and 13 on eligible teams in participating leagues.
Read and write English
Disqualifiers
Cannot read and write English
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Pre-Game Safety Huddles
BehavioralBefore every regular season game, participating teams in league randomized to the Pre-Game Safety Huddle condition will hold brief Pre-Game Safety Huddles. Pre-Game Safety Huddles have three core components: (1) Gather (Athletes, coaches, officials, and other stakeholders come together before the start of the game); (2) Share (Opinion leaders (coaches, referees) affirm the importance of seeking care for suspected concussion, and (3) Repeat (Process is repeated before every game)
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Expected concussion reporting behavior (Concussion Reporting- Expectations scale)
Concussion Reporting- Expectations (CR-E), a 4-item scale that assesses athlete's expectations that they would tell a coach or other trusted adult about post-impact concussive symptoms in naturalistic scenarios. Responses are measured on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher sores indicating a stronger expectation that they would report future post-impact concussive symptoms.
Identification of suspected concussions
Identification of suspected concussions will be measured via coach report as the number of times per season an athlete was identified as having a possible concussion (from 1- athlete-report to a coach, medical personnel or parent report to a coach, or 2- athlete removal from play for suspected concussive symptoms without report, for example due to loss of consciousness). This will be expressed as a team-level rate (number of instances/number of athletes per team).
Secondary outcomes
Perceived concussion reporting norms - Athlete (CR-N)
CR-N is a 4-item scale that assesses the coach's perception that coaches in their organization would want athletes to report suspected concussive symptoms. Responses to four scenarios are measured on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher sores indicating a stronger perceived norms in support of reporting future post-impact concussive symptoms.
Perceived concussion reporting norms - Coach (CR-N)
CR-N is a 4-item scale that assesses the coach's perception that coaches in their organization would want athletes to report suspected concussive symptoms. Responses to four scenarios are measured on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher sores indicating a stronger perceived norms in support of reporting future post-impact concussive symptoms.
Huddle implementation
Administrative data will be used to record the number of games before which Huddles occurred, which will be expressed as a rate with a denominator of Huddle-eligible games.
Locations
Sponsors and contacts
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