This study aims to evaluate balance and physical performance under dual task conditions in individuals with and without Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH), as determined by the Beighton score. All participants will undergo the One-Leg Stance Test and 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test under both single-task (balance only) and dual-task (simultaneous cognitive task) conditions. The cognitive task will involve counting backward by sevens from a given number. Participants will also complete the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test under both single- and dual-task conditions. Additionally, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) will be used for comprehensive balance assessment. Balance confidence will be evaluated using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-16), and fear of falling will be assessed with the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Changes in performance under dual-task conditions will be expressed as a percentage using the Dual Task Cost (DTC) formula
Aged between 18 and 40 years
A Beighton score of 4 or higher (indicative of Generalized Joint Hypermobility)
Willingness to participate in the study
Younger than 18 or older than 40 years
Presence of neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy)
History of vestibular system disorders (e.g., benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuritis)
History of orthopedic conditions affecting the lower extremities (e.g., fracture, joint replacement, ligament injury)
hypermobile patients and healthy controls
Case-control
Cross-sectional
no intervention
Other interventionno intervention
Performance in the One-Leg Stance Test
Assesses static balance capacity and the impact of a simultaneous cognitive task on postural control.
Performance in the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test
Evaluates lower extremity muscle endurance and functional strength under cognitive load
Performance in the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test
Measures dynamic balance, mobility, and the ability to maintain performance during divided attention.
Dual Task Cost (DTC) percentage
Quantifies the percentage change in performance when a cognitive task is added, reflecting dual-task interference.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS):
Provides a comprehensive evaluation of functional balance through various static and dynamic tasks. The maximum score is 56. Higher scores indicate that good balance.
Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-16)
Reflects the individual's perceived confidence in performing daily activities without losing balance.The maximum score is 100, the minimum score is 0. Higher scores indicate that high confidence patient's balance.
Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I):
Assesses fear of falling during daily life activities, indicating fall-related psychological concerns. Higher scores indicate that high degree fear of falling
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