According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), non-communicable chronic diseases-primarily cardiovascular diseases-are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. These conditions result in long-term health consequences and require significant ongoing treatment and care. Among them, ischemic heart diseases-most notably acute myocardial infarction-are highly prevalent. Globally, cardiovascular diseases are closely linked to physical inactivity as a major modifiable risk factor. In this context, exercise and physical activity have become public health priorities, with international guidelines recommending at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week.
In Colombia, physical exercise is recognized as a key strategy for the prevention and management of non-communicable chronic diseases, as outlined in the national ten-year public health plan. However, evidence shows that few clinical services at the national or regional level consistently monitor or follow up on the proper prescription of exercise as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease management.
This study aims to describe the effectiveness of structured physical exercise on the aerobic capacity of patients with cardiovascular disease.
Records between 2015 and 2024
Men and women, between 35 and 90 years old.
Clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.
Must be patient from Clínica el Rosario.
Records containing incomplete data
Men and women, between 35 and 90 years old, residents in the metropolitan area, with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease who entered cardiovascualr patient care program from Clínica El Rosario.
Cohort
Retrospective
Cardiac rehabilitation
Other interventionSessions are conducted individually in accordance with cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, with a frequency of 2-3 times per week, each lasting 1 hour. Intensity is progressively increased on a weekly basis, with adaptations made according to each patient's specific needs. A total of 20 sessions are delivered, focused on improving the patient's cardiovascular capacity
Aerobic capacity
The data will be collected from the clinical registries which have included. Aerobic capacity will be assessed through an exercise stress test, measured in metabolic equivalents (METs). Subsequently, VO₂max will be estimated using the NASA-derived formula. A poor physical fitness level will be defined as an estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) of less than 7 METs
Cardiovascular risk
The data will be collected from the clinical registries which have included Cardiovascular risk will be assessed using the American Heart Association (AHA) classification, which categorizes patients into low, moderate, high, and very high risk
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