A single-center, open-label, randomized comparative study of two treatment strategies in patients with intermediate-high-risk acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to standard anticoagulant therapy or standard catheter-directed thrombolysis (SСDT) with a low dose of alteplase, followed by evaluation of short- and long-term efficacy and safety in each group
Age > 18 years
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) - verified proximal (pulmonary trunk and/or main and/or lobar branches of the pulmonary artery) PE and symptom onset < 14 days prior
Intermediate-high risk PE with a RV dysfunction (RV/LV diameter ratio >1 on TTE or CTA) and an elevated biomarker (hs-troponin or NT-proBNP) level
Signed informed consent
High-risk pulmonary embolism
Thrombus in the heart chambers on TTE
Absolute contraindications for the use of thrombolytic therapy: history of hemorrhagic stroke or stroke of unknown etiology; ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within the last 6 months; extensive bleeding currently or within the previous 6 months, hemorrhagic diathesis; diseases of the central nervous system (including neoplasms, aneurysm, surgery on the brain or spinal cord); intracranial (including subarachnoid) hemorrhage currently or in history, suspicion of hemorrhagic stroke; severe uncontrolled arterial hypertension; major surgery or major trauma within the previous 3 months, recent traumatic brain injury; labor during the previous 10 days; severe liver diseases, including liver failure, cirrhosis, portal hypertension (including esophageal varices) and active hepatitis; bacterial endocarditis, pericarditis; acute pancreatitis; confirmed peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum within the last 3 months; arterial aneurysms, congenital anomalies of arteries/veins;
Haemoglobin level < 70 g/L, platelet count ≤ 100 x 109
Parallel
Standard Catheter-Directed Low Dose Thrombolysis
Combination productUsing femoral or jugular vein access the mechanical blood clots fragmentation by PigTail 6F catheter circular rotational movements. For unilateral thromboembolism, the PigTail catheter is positioned in the obstructed branch of the pulmonary artery, 1 mg of alteplase is injected as a bolus, followed by a micro-jet injection of 1 mg/hour. For bilateral thromboembolism, the PigTail catheter is positioned in the pulmonary trunk with a bolus of 2 mg alteplase followed by an infusion of 2 mg/hour. The total duration of infusion will be 9 hours, the total dose of alteplase will be 10 mg for unilateral lesions and 20 mg for bilateral lesions. During the alteplase infusion, unfractionated heparin is continued with a target activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 50 to 60 seconds. After completion of the procedure, UFH therapy is continued for 24 hours, followed by a change to oral anticoagulants.
Standard Anticoagulation
DrugTherapy with UFH with targeted аPTT lasts for 24 hours (no more than 48 hours in total). Then the change to oral anticoagulants is performed
A decrease in the ratio of RV/LV diameters
A decrease in the ratio of RV/LV diameters by 20% or more from the initial value 48 ± 6 hours after initiation of therapy
Mortality
Mortality
Cardiorespiratory decompensation or collapse
necessity of inotropic and vasopressor support; cardiac arrest or need for CPR; obstructive shock, placement on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), intubation, or initiation of non-invasive mechanical ventilation
Major bleeding events
International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) major bleeding
PE thrombus load reduction
Qanadli score by CT-scan
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