The present study builds on the promising result of our SLVB pilot study with the aim to extend the works' impact by investigating the effectiveness of a SLVB intervention on the physical and psychological health outcomes in adults with physical disabilities in HKG by collecting quantitative and qualitative data in a larger sample (225 participants). The investigators hypothesize that the SLVB and Seated Dance (SD) interventions will improve physical and psychological health outcomes, and quality of life compared to the control group, with SLVB expected to be more effective than SD in enhancing health outcomes for PWPDs. Using the consolidated evidence on the benefits of SVLB from our research work, the investigators will promote SLVB in HKD and CHN by organizing i) train-the-trainer workshops (325 trainers trained), ii) SLVB classes (about 1270 PWPD in HKG and CHN) and iii) SLVB competitions in HKG and CHN (initial rounds of competition will be held across Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, with the finals to be held in Hong Kong, totaling to 408 participants). The investigators combine the evidenced benefits of SVLB with the Train-The-Trainer approach, suggested by the World Health Organization, to achieve community engagement and it is regarded as a solution to institutional barriers in promoting adapted physical activity. SLVB teaching aids will also be developed to promote the activities.
People with disabilities registered in the Central Registry for Rehabilitation.
Diagnosed with physical disabilities such as impaired muscle power, limb deficiency, or leg length difference, using the soft volleyball and Para dance classification of International Paralympic Committee.
Has at least one functional arm.
With a normal to mild grade intellectual disability.
Having a recorded Mini-Mental State Examination score of 17 or below.
Unable to sit unsupported, by recording a balance score at or below 2 on the Berg Balance Scale (indicating they are able to sit for a maximum of 30 seconds).
Having a Body Mass Index of 27 or above.
Have had orthopedic surgery 6 months (or less) prior to the study entry.
Parallel
Sitting Light Volleyball Intervention
Behavioral16-week intervention centered around Sitting Light Volleyball, an adaptive sport developed by the Project Coordinator specifically for adults with physical disabilities.
Group Seated Dance Intervention
Behavioral16-week intervention program for adults with physical disabilities centered around para dance in a group setting of various dance styles.
Physical fitness - Physical health outcome - Muscular Strength
The Brockport Physical Fitness Test will be used to assess multiple components of physical fitness in participants. This includes Upper Body Muscular Strength: Assessed using the Grip Test, reported in kilograms.
Physical fitness - Physical health outcome - Muscular Endurance
The Brockport Physical Fitness Test will be used to assess multiple components of physical fitness in participants. This includes Upper Body Muscular Endurance. it will be assessed using the Dumbbell Press Test, reported as number of repetitions.
Physical fitness - Physical health outcome - Body Composition - Body Mass Index
The Brockport Physical Fitness Test will be used to assess multiple components of physical fitness in participants. This includes Body Composition. Body Mass Index. Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2.
Physical fitness - Physical health outcome -The Brockport Physical Fitness Test
The Brockport Physical Fitness Test will be assessed using the Skinfold Test (reported in millimeters)
Quality of life - Psychological health outcome
Quality of life will be measured using a shortened version of the Short Form (12) Health Survey. Reliability and validity have been evaluated in Chinese. The survey comprises eight domains such as mental health, social, and physical functioning …etc. It will be scored in a 5-point Likert scale (1=often, 5=never), with some reversely asked questions. After reverse-scoring the negatively worded items, a higher total score means better life quality.
Physical Activity Enjoyment - Psychological health outcome
A short version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in Chinese will be used to measure physical activity enjoyment in the study. Chung and the primary investigator of this study have also validated the psychometric properties of this 8-item PACES. They will be rated in a 7-point Likert scale (1=positive feelings, 7=negative feelings); but some items will be reverse scored (1=negative feeling, 7=positive feelings). After reverse-scoring the negatively worded items, a higher score will reflect greater enjoyment of physical activity.
Mindful self-care - Psychological health outcome
Mindful Self-Care Scale - Chinese Version (24 item) measures an individual's level of mindful self-care across various dimensions, including physical care, supportive relationships, mindful awareness, self-compassion and purpose, mindful relaxation, and supportive structure. It is scored in a 5-point Likert scale(0=never, 4=very often). Higher score will indicate a better outcome.
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Education University of Hong Kong
Lead sponsor
The Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation
Collaborator
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