About this trial
Neuropsychiatric conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autism are characterized by specific deficits in cognitive functions. Thus, neuropsychological assessment is a critical part of the diagnostic process for these conditions. Inhibition is a specific function of interest during these examinations, since it is often affected in patients with ADHD and/or autism. The Five Digits Test (FDT) is a newly developed test measuring inhibition, without requirements of reading ability, and only limited requirements of language proficiency.
The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of the FDT in patients with neuropsychiatric conditions. The FDT will be validated using the following research questions:
1. Is the FDT equivalent to the standard neuropsychological test of inhibition, the Color-Word Interference Test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System in patients with neuropsychiatric conditions? (Convergent validity) 2. Is the FDT consistent with self-assessment of inhibition and behavioral regulation in every day life using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A)? (Ecological validity) 3. Are there differences in validity in the first two research questions due to language background or due to reading and writing difficulties? 4. Are there differences between patients with neuropsychiatric conditions and healthy controls in the performance of the FDT?
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
age 18 and above
Diagnosed with a ADHD or Autism, alternatively under examination these diagnoses
Disqualifiers
Addiction of alcohol or other substances
Not speaker of Swedish to such extent that cannot read or comprehend the informed consent forms
On sedatives, such as sleep or pain medication
Not being able to participate in a neuropsychological examination, or to give informed consent
Trial population
All patients referred to neuropsychiatric examination, ADHD and/or autism at the Psychiatric Clinic at Umeå University Hospital will be offered to participate in the study. A comparison group of healthy volunteers will be recruited using advertising.
Trial design
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Treatments tested in this trial
Five Digits Test
Diagnostic testNeuropsychological test of Inhibition
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Convergent validity of the Five Digits Test
The results of the Five Digits Test will be validated against the test Color-Word Interference Test from Delis-Kaplan Executive Functions system. The validation will be performed by calculation of the correlation coefficient (Pearson or Spearman) between these tests. Time to completion will be used as outcome in both tests, where slower times indicate lower performance.
Secondary outcomes
Ecological validity of the Five Digits Test
The results of the Five Digits Test will be validated against self-assessment questionnaire BRIEF - Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Time to completion in each condition is the outcome of the Five Digits Test, where a slower performance indicate a lower score. Raw scores (where higher score indicate a larger degree of problems) and scaled scores (where lower score indicate a larger degree of problems) for specific scales/indexes (Inhibition; Emotional Control; Self-monitoring; Behavioral Regulation Index) are the outcomes of interest from the BRIEF. The validation will be performed by calculation of the correlation coefficient (Pearson or Spearman) between performance on the FDT and the scales of the BRIEF.
Sponsors and contacts
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Umeå University
Lead sponsor
Region Västerbotten
Collaborator