This study is being done to understand how the brain works while people with urea cycle disorder (UCD) perform driving tasks that range from easy to difficult and to look at how that compares to traditional tests of thinking and attention.
Individuals 16 to 40 years with molecular or biochemical confirmation of a urea cycle disorder.
Healthy individuals will serve as an age and sex matched comparison group. Active driver's license for at least 6 months
Read and understand English. as the tasks have not been validated in other languages
IQ >=70.
Skin disease that affects the scalp
Past or present vascular disease
Head trauma with loss of consciousness in the last year or evidence of cognitive impairment due to and persisting after head trauma
Motor movement disorder which may cause excessive movement or impede use of the steering wheel and/or pedal
Individuals who meet the Eligibility Criteria and agree to participate.
Case-control
Prospective
Not listed
Changes in Oxyhemoglobin (HbO), Deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) and Total Hemoglobin (HbT) concentrations in the right and left prefrontal cortex in participants with urea cycle disorders (UCD) compared to healthy control volunteers
Investigators will compare prefrontal cortex hemoglobin concentrations during low cognitive load between patients with UCD and healthy age and sex matched control participants using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Mean values of hemoglobin concentration differences on the right and left prefrontal cortex between individuals, with and without UCD, during the low cognitive load task will be calculated and compared using two sample t-tests (for normally distributed data) or Wilcoxon rank sum tests (for nonnormally distributed data). P values will be adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method.
Changes in HbO, HbR and HbT concentrations in the left and right parietal and occipital brain regions in participants with urea cycle disorders (UCD) compared to healthy control volunteers
Investigators will compare left and right parietal and occipital regions hemoglobin concentrations during low cognitive load between patients with UCD and healthy age and sex matched control participants using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Mean values of hemoglobin concentration differences on the left and right parietal and occipital regions between individuals, with and without UCD, during the low cognitive load task will be calculated and compared using two sample t-tests (for normally distributed data) or Wilcoxon rank sum tests (for nonnormally distributed data). P values will be adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method.
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