Game-Based Psychological First Aid Training for Midwifery Students

Change from Baseline in Psychological First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale Score Immediately After the Intervention

The Psychological First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale is a 35-item self-report instrument used to evaluate the participants' perceived competence and preparedness in delivering acute psychological first aid during crises. All items are scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree). There are no reverse-scored items. The total score is calculated by summing all responses, ranging from a minimum score of 35 to a maximum score of 175. Higher total scores indicate a superior level of self-efficacy and better psychological readiness in implementing psychological first aid interventions, while lower scores indicate lower self-efficacy.

Outcome Measure Title: Change from Baseline in Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) Score Immediately After the Intervention

The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI), originally developed by Heppner and Petersen, is a 32-item self-report instrument that assesses individuals' cognitive perceptions of their own problem-solving behaviors and coping strategies. Items are scored on a 6-point Likert scale. Total scores on the inventory range from a minimum of 32 to a maximum of 192. In terms of clinical and behavioral interpretation, the scoring is inversely aligned: lower total scores indicate that the student perceives themselves as highly competent, sufficient, and successful in problem-solving skills. Conversely, higher total scores reflect a lower perception of problem-solving confidence and perceived insufficiency in coping with challenges.