The GLITTER study is comprised of four key components: Team, Technology, Education, and Peer Resources. The aim of the GLITTER Study is to improve the metabolic control rate in patients with type 1 diabetes through a comprehensive management approach.
Clinically diagnosed as Type 1 Diabetes by a specialist physician.
None
Single group
GLITTER comprehensive management
BehavioralThe GLITTER comprehensive management represents a management approach that effectively combines multidisciplinary professional team care, diabetes technology empowerment, structured education steering, and peer support.
Change in HbA1c
The primary outcome is the Change in Glycated Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). HbA1c is a physiological marker of the percentage of red blood cells that have glycated (bonded with a sugar). HbA1c is used to measure changes in average blood sugar over the past three months.
Percentage of patients using continuous glucose monitors
The percentage of participants who initiate and maintain active use of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) trough study completion. Active use is defined as wearing the CGM sensor and having recorded glucose data available. Confirmation will be based on CGM device data download or patient self-reported daily wear logs verified by research staff or electronic adherence monitoring from the CGM cloud platform.
Percentage of patients using insulin pump
Proportion of enrolled patients maintaining active insulin pump use during follow-up, defined as consistent pump utilization confirmed by either: 1. Device data download demonstrating functional use; or 2. Clinician-verified patient logbook records with corroborating evidence.
Diabetes-related complications
Diabetes-related complications encompass microvascular disorders (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy), macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease), neuropathic complications (peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy), diabetic foot syndrome, and acute metabolic events (severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, diabetic lactic acidosis).
Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio
Normal: \<30 mg/g；Microalbuminuria: 30-300 mg/g；Macroalbuminuria: \>300 mg/g
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