The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational interventions can improve knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening among parents of premature infants attending ROP clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Do HBM-based educational interventions improve parents' knowledge about Retinopathy of Prematurity screening? * Do HBM-based educational interventions improve parents' screening-related practices and follow-up for Retinopathy of Prematurity?
Researchers will compare different educational approaches, including video-based education, audio-based education, and standard educational material, to see which method is more effective in improving parental understanding and practices regarding ROP screening.
Participants will:
* Complete a questionnaire assessing their knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity screening at baseline * Receive one of the following educational approaches: video message plus counselling and pamphlet, audio message plus counselling and pamphlet, or counselling and pamphlet only * Attend a follow-up visit approximately 2 weeks after the initial visit * Complete a follow-up questionnaire to assess changes in knowledge and practices related to Retinopathy of Prematurity screening
Mother or father of a premature infant attending Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) clinic
Parent aged 18 years or older
Parent of a premature infant who was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Able to understand English or Urdu
Parents with disability or cognitive impairment affecting participation
Uncooperative participants
Parents unwilling or unable to provide informed consent
Parallel
HBM-Based Video Education
BehavioralParticipants will receive a Health Belief Model-based educational video regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), including information on disease development, risk factors, importance of timely screening, treatment options, and follow-up. Counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly pamphlet in English or Urdu will also be provided.
HBM-Based Audio Education
BehavioralParticipants will receive a Health Belief Model-based educational audio message regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), including information on disease development, risk factors, importance of timely screening, treatment options, and follow-up. Counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly pamphlet in English or Urdu will also be provided.
Standard Counselling and Pamphlet
BehavioralParticipants will receive standard educational information through counselling by an ophthalmologist and a user-friendly pamphlet regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). Educational materials will be provided in English or Urdu.
Change in Retinopathy of Prematurity Knowledge Score
Knowledge regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) will be assessed using a structured 10-item ROP Knowledge Questionnaire completed by parents. Items assess knowledge related to ROP risk factors, screening, treatment, and complications. Correct responses receive a score of 1 and incorrect or "I do not know" responses receive a score of 0. Total scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating better knowledge. Change in total score will be assessed by comparing baseline and follow-up questionnaire scores.
Change in HBM Perceptions Regarding ROP Screening
Parental perceptions regarding Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening will be assessed using a structured Health Belief Model (HBM)-Based ROP Screening Questionnaire evaluating perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Questionnaire items are measured using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger agreement with positive health beliefs related to ROP screening. Change in questionnaire scores will be assessed between baseline and follow-up.
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Aga Khan University
Lead sponsor
Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan
Sponsor institution
University of Alberta
Collaborator
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