Health TrialsbyHealthPanel

HBM-Based Solution-Focused Birth Program on Fear of Childbirth in Primigravidas

ConditionsFearStress (Psychology)Pregnancy
Trial statusNot yet recruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexFemale
Age18-49
SponsorOrdu University

About this trial

Pregnancy is a period characterized by significant physiological and psychosocial changes, during which women adapt to new roles. While some women experience this period with excitement and hope, others may experience anxiety, uncertainty, and fear. Fear of childbirth (tokophobia) is a common condition that can negatively affect women's quality of life, birth preferences, and childbirth experiences. High levels of fear of childbirth have been associated with increased cesarean section rates, negative birth perceptions, and postpartum psychological problems.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a solution-focused childbirth preparation education program based on the Health Belief Model on fear of childbirth and belief in normal birth among primigravida women. Secondary outcomes include pregnancy-related stress and mode of delivery.

Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving structured education or a control group receiving routine prenatal care. Data will be collected before and after the intervention using validated measurement tools, and delivery outcomes will be recorded after birth. The findings are expected to contribute to improving maternal psychological well-being and promoting positive childbirth experiences.

Eligibility criteria

This trial accepts healthy volunteers

Qualifiers

Being 18 years of age or older

Having at least a primary school level of education

Being able to understand and speak Turkish

Having a singleton pregnancy

Disqualifiers

Having a high-risk pregnancy (e.g., preeclampsia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, placenta previa, oligohydramnios)

Having a chronic and/or psychiatric disorder

Having conceived through infertility treatment

Trial design

Design model

Parallel

Treatments tested in this trial

  • Health Belief Model-Based Solution-Focused Childbirth Preparation Education

    Behavioral

    A structured face-to-face childbirth preparation education program based on the Health Belief Model and solution-focused approach will be delivered to pregnant women between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation in small groups of 5-10 participants. The intervention consists of six sessions conducted twice weekly over three weeks by a researcher certified in solution-focused approach practitioner training. Content includes pregnancy education, stages of labor, modes of birth, non-pharmacological pain management methods, strategies to reduce fear of childbirth, stress management, relaxation exercises, and strengthening positive beliefs toward normal birth. Solution-focused interventions will be integrated into the program, including the miracle question, scaling questions, future-oriented reflections (e.g., "What would a healthy pregnancy look like for me?"), daily success statements, the helping hand technique, a letter to the future, and minefield clearing exercises.

  • Standard Antenatal Education (Pregnancy School)

    Behavioral

    Routine antenatal education provided by the Ministry of Health to pregnant women.

Treatment groups

72 Participants
are divided into 2 treatment groups
Group A: Intervention GroupExperimental treatment 1 intervention
Group B: Control GroupActive comparator 1 intervention

Trial outcomes

Primary outcomes

1

Fear of Childbirth (Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire - W-DEQ Version A and B)

Fear of childbirth will be assessed using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ). Version A will be administered during pregnancy at baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention, and Version B will be administered within 48 hours postpartum. Scores range from 0 to 165 for Version A and 0 to 160 for Version B. Higher scores indicate greater fear of childbirth. For Version A, a score of 85 or higher indicates clinical levels of fear of childbirth.

Time frame
Version A: Baseline (28-32 weeks of gestation) and immediately after completion of the 3-week intervention; Version B: within 48 hours postpartum.
2

Belief in Normal Birth (Belief Scale for Vaginal Birth - BSVB)

Belief in normal birth will be assessed using the Belief Scale for Vaginal Birth. Scores range from 24 to 120. Higher scores indicate stronger belief in normal birth and more positive attitudes toward vaginal birth. Based on total scores, levels of belief in normal birth are classified as low (24-56), moderate (57-88), and high (89-120).

Time frame
Baseline (28-32 weeks of gestation) and immediately after completion of the 3-week intervention.

Secondary outcomes

1

Pregnancy Stress (Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale - PSRS)

Pregnancy-related stress will be assessed using the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale. Total scores range from 0 to 144. Higher scores indicate greater pregnancy-related stress.

Time frame
Baseline (28-32 weeks of gestation) and immediately after completion of the 3-week intervention.
2

Mode of Delivery

Mode of delivery will be recorded as vaginal birth or cesarean section after childbirth.

Time frame
At delivery

Other outcomes

Sponsors and contacts

Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.

Ordu University

Lead sponsor

Source ClinicalTrials.gov

This trial is not recruiting at the moment. You can still explore other options: