This study investigates the effects of an adapted aikido exercise program on
the health of adults with unilateral wrist and/or hand dysfunction. The un- derlying assumption is that regular practice of adapted aikido may improve
physical, psychological, and quality-of-life parameters in this population com- pared with a non-exercising control group.
Be of legal age.
Have no prior knowledge of aikido.
Not be practicing other martial arts at the time of inclusion in the study or during the adapted training program.
Unilateral dysfunction of the hand and/or wrist that prevents or hinders tasks related to gripping (only for case group).
Presence of anatomical or functional alterations that could affect the performance of aikido techniques (other than those allowed for the study group).
Intellectual disability and/or inability to understand the informed con- sent.
Parallel
Participation in an adapted aikido program
Other interventionThe aikido program has been adapted for optimal practice by people with handgrip dysfunction. Several key components of the techniques have been modified to enable their performance by individuals with limited hand mo- bility.
Arm muscle mass
Estimated from arm circumference and triceps skinfold measurements. The instruments used will be an anthropometric tape and a skinfold caliper, respectively.
Muscle strength
Analytical strength measurements will be taken for the main muscles responsible for each movement of the upper limb, as well as a handgrip test to assess overall hand grip strength. The instruments used will be a Jamar dynamometer and a hand-held dynamometer.
Active joint mobility of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder
It will be measured using a digital inclinometer, an instrument that has shown lower measurement error than the universal goniome- ter, the standard tool for assessing joint range of motion.
Body Mass Index
It will be measured by bioelectrical impedance.
Upper limb function
Assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, in its validated Spanish version.
Wrist and hand pain
Measured using a Visual Analogue Scale
Sleep quality
Used as an indicator of quality of life and assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and accelerometry.
Level of body awareness
Measured with the Body Awareness Questionnaire
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