Patients with focal epilepsy often have diagnostic difficulties as their culprit for seizures are difficult to be picked up using conventional imaging. The current study is to investigate the utility of advanced MRI sequences on detection of subtle lesions accountable for focal epilepsy.
Consecutive patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy fulfilling the following criteria -
Clinical seminology compatible with focal epilepsy.
Electroencephalography pointing towards a specific site for focal epilepsy.
Positive ictal brain scintigraphy with SPECT-CT correlation. AND 2. Previous MRI (at least one study with protocol tailored for epilepsy) which did not reveal accountable focal lesion.
Patients who are contraindicated to magnetic resonance imaging (such as due to underlying MRI incompatible metallic implants)
Patients who cannot cooperate for MRI scanning.
Patients show are unable to provide informed consent.
Single group
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Diagnostic testSubjects will undergo MRI scanning in our 3T machine with dedicated high resolution sequences (including 2D T1-weighted inversion recovery sequences, 3D FLAIR MRI whole brain, 3D T1-weighted Sagittal MPRAGE; plus other sequences for the clinical purpose of pre-operative planning as per consensus with referring doctor)
Accuracy of high resolution MRI in diagnosis
the sensitivity and specificity of the baseline MRI (bMRI) and the high-resolution MRI (hrMRI) studies, based on the standard of surgical findings on patients who underwent either intracranial EEG or surgical resection
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