1. To examine the effect of a two-week tDCS intervention of 3 months of continued tDCS intervention versus 3 months of receiving a placebo treatment (dummy). On the costs of performing an action task (dual task cost) walking speed, cognitive measures and motor function. 2. To examine whether the effects of tDCS build up over time by creating a delayed start mechanism in the intervention (delayed-start design) 3. Examining mechanical and neuroplastic effects of tDCS intervention 4. To examine the response to tDCS over time
Age 65-90
Cognitive complaints
A positive answer to the question "Do you feel you have more problems than most people?"
A negative answer to the question "Is your thinking as clear and sharp as it was before?"
Less than eight years of study
dementia
According to the clinical definition clinical dementia rationing (CDR) score 1 or higher
Previous diagnosis
Crossover
tDCS
DrugThe immediate intervention group will continue to receive five tDCS treatments per week for 6 months. The late intervention group will receive five sham treatments per week for 3 months and then begin receiving five weekly tDCS treatments for an additional 3 months.
Accuracy in Serial Subtractions Task
articipants will perform serial subtractions from a random 3-digit number between 200 and 999. Accuracy will be measured as the percentage of correct subtractions.
Usual walk
fNIRS with walking trial 20m indoor course with 180-degree turns at each end and an instrumented gait mat in the middle.
Walk with the cognitive task (DT)
fNIRS with walking trial 20m indoor course with 180-degree turns at each end and an instrumented gait mat in the middle.
Mobility - SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery)
Evaluating participants' physical performance through a battery of tests including balance, walking speed, and chair stand tests.
Mobility - 4 m Gait Test
Measuring participants' gait speed over a 4-meter distance.
Mobility - Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I)
Participants' fear of falling and confidence in performing daily activities without falling will be assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Scale: Scores range from 16 to 64, with higher scores indicating a greater fear of falling (worse outcome).
Mobility - Habitual Physical Activity and Real-World Gait
Monitoring participants' habitual physical activity and gait in real-world settings using an Axivity sensor taped to the lower back.
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