About this trial
This is a prospective, single-center, non-randomized, within-subject interventional study. The purpose is to compare the immediate effects of different atrial pacing sites on atrial electrical activation, as reflected by P-wave characteristics on surface electrocardiography (ECG).
During pacemaker implantation, short-term pacing will be performed sequentially at multiple predefined atrial sites, including the right atrial appendage (RAA), atrial septum, Bachmann's bundle (BB) area, and posterosuperior bundle (PSB) regions. ECG parameters will be recorded at each site to evaluate differences in P-wave duration and morphology.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Age ≥18 years
Sinus rhythm at baseline
Indication for permanent pacemaker implantation with planned atrial lead placement
Willing and able to provide written informed consent
Disqualifiers
Long-standing persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation, or prior atrioventricular node ablation
Prior cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) requiring revision, replacement, or upgrade
Indication for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D)
Significant valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or prior cardiac surgery
Trial design
Single group
Treatments tested in this trial
Multi-site short-time pacing
Procedure/SurgeryShort-time atrial pacing at right atrial appendage (RAA), atrial septum, Bachmann's bundle (BB) area, and posterosuperior bundle (PSB) regions (high and low levels) during regular pacemaker implantation procedures are applied for acute electrocardiogram and echocardiogram testings.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Atrial-paced ECG P-wave duration
Secondary outcomes
Atrial-paced ECG P-wave morphology
Atrial-paced ECG P-wave polarity in inferior leads (II, III, aVF)
Sponsors and contacts
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