About this trial
This study investigates the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) training in stoma care on nurses' knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction.
Using a mixed-method design with convenience sampling, 100 clinical nurses will be recruited and randomly assigned (1:1) to experimental and control groups. The experimental group will receive two VR training sessions one month apart, while the control group will attend a single traditional classroom session. Both groups will follow stoma care replacement procedures established by National Taiwan University Hospital.
Data collection will include demographic information, knowledge/skill tests, and self-efficacy questionnaires administered at three time points: before training, immediately after training, and one month post-training. Learning satisfaction will be assessed immediately after training. Participants reporting adverse VR reactions or scoring below 4 on satisfaction will be invited to one-on-one semi-structured interviews.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Full-time registered nurses employed at the study institution or nursing students currently enrolled in a formal nursing program
Willing to participate in the study and able to provide written informed consent
Disqualifiers
Prior participation in virtual reality-based ostomy care training
Self-reported history of significant discomfort during VR use (e.g., dizziness, nausea, or other physical discomfort)
Individuals who consider themselves unable or unwilling to undergo VR training
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
immersive virtual reality training program
DeviceThis training program included (1) Scenario: Hospital ward, 56-year-old female post-rectal cancer surgery with temporary colostomy; (2) Intervention: Ostomy care education via immersive VR; (3) Materials: HTC cloud platform, Insta360 camera, tripod, 2 HMDs; (4) Expert Review: Physician, nursing supervisor, academic faculty, wound/ostomy nurse, nurse practitioner; (5) Training: Two 30 minute VR sessions, one month apart, in a quiet hospital meeting room.
traditional classroom lecture
BehavioralThis group received (1) Intervention: Traditional classroom lecture; (2) Format: Two-hour PowerPoint session; (3) Instructor: Certified wound/ostomy nurse; (4) Location: Meeting room with audiovisual facilities, Yunlin Branch.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Knowledge and Skills Test of Stoma Care
The test covers four domains: normal stoma characteristics, standard procedures for ostomy care, principles of managing ostomy leakage, and key points of ostomy care education. It consists of five single-choice questions, with a total score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better knowledge and skills in stoma care.
Secondary outcomes
Self-Efficacy Scale of Stoma Care
The scale includes 5 items designed to assess nurses' confidence in performing ostomy care tasks. Each item is rated on a 0-10 scale, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy. Content validity was established by five nursing experts, yielding a CVI of 0.87.
Other outcomes
standardized institutional training satisfaction questionnaire
A standardized institutional training satisfaction questionnaire consisting of 5 items will be administered to evaluate participants' learning satisfaction. Each item will be scored on a 0-10 scale, with higher scores reflecting greater satisfaction.
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