Immunological-Clinical Evaluation of the Etiopathogenesis of Peri-Implantitis

A total of 100 adult volunteers of both sexes will be enrolled in the project. The study will be conducted within an international consortium formed for the project, comprising the following institutions: Wroclaw Medical University (Poland), Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), University of Barcelona (Spain), University of Bern (Switzerland), and Egas Moniz University (Portugal). Each international partner institution will recruit 20 volunteers as participants in the experiment. Each of the participating institutions will submit an application to their respective local bioethics committee for approval to conduct the medical experiment. Each partner institution will conduct procedures at their respective clinical locations.

Eligibility Criteria participants must have undergone previous implant treatment that has resulted in active, advanced peri-implantitis. Exclusion Criteria: General and local contraindications for surgical procedures Pregnancy; Use of bisphosphonates or other antiresorptive medications in medical history Laboratory Analysis Procedures.

During the initial visit, patients will undergo a medical interview and a dental examination with regard to: Oral Hygiene Indices; Periodontal disease indices. For the implant site, the following parameters will be evaluated: Pocket Depth Bleeding on Probing Width and height of the attached gingiva Possible implant mobility, assessed using the Mobility Index Following the clinical examination, each participant will be referred for a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan with measurements including: Bone loss percentage for each of the four implant surfaces, Bone density. Next, a 20ml venous blood sample will be collected from the antecubital vein of each participant and sent to a laboratory for further analysis, including: Hematological Inflammation Indices: Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation, Complete blood count, Lipid profile, APOA., APOBg, Inflammatory markers, albumin, total protein, total ferritin, fibrinogen, Cytokine profile, HOMA2 Parameters, Thyroid profile, Vitamin D level Next, each participant will undergo implant explantation surgery, during which tissue samples will be collected for further analysis. Implant surface will be analyzed using: light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, corrosion testing.

Follow-Up will be scheduled four weeks later with following evaluation: Clinical assessment of the implantation site. A CBCT scan to assess bone structure in the post-implantation region, with measurements including percentage of bone loss. Moreover, 20ml of venous blood will be collected from the antecubital vein of each participant. The blood sample will be preserved and sent to an analytical laboratory for further testing, including for same as previously mentioned tests.