Mold invasive infections are associated with an important mortality despite optimization of the antifungal treatment. In a few case reports, immune checkpoints inhibitors, initially developed for neoplastic diseases, have shown a potential beneficial effect in such devastating infections by restoring an efficient immune response. The investigators propose a longitudinal monitoring of the adaptative immune response, notably immune checkpoint expression on T cells, during mold invasive infections to help identify the patients who could benefit from the adjunction of immunotherapy and the optimal timing of such strategy.
Age ≥ 18 years
Mold invasive fungal infection: Aspergillus, Mucorales, Fusarium, Scedosporium
Proven or probable according to 2019 EORTC/MGS criteria modified by the adjunction of diabetes mellitus in the host criteria and Mucorales PCR in the microbiological criteria
Within 14 days of IFD diagnosis or
Bacterial co-infection in the last 14 days
Previous treatment with anti-PD1 antibodies
Tertiary care centers
Cohort
Prospective
Not listed
Immune checkpoint expression on T cells
percentage of circulating T cells expressing immune checkpoint molecules as well as the intracellular transcription factor TCF1 and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of this expression in each cell sub-population
Aspergillus/Mucorales FLUOROSPOT
Qualitative and quantitative measure of specific T cells IFN-γ/IL-2/IL-5/IL-17 production by FLUOROSPOT after antigenic stimulation in absence and presence of an anti-PD1 antibody in patients with invasive aspergillosis or mucormycosis
T cell proliferation
T cell proliferation test after antigenic stimulation
Immune checkpoint expression on monocytes
Percentage of circulating monocytes expressing immune checkpoint molecules
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Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
Lead sponsor
URC-CIC Paris Descartes Necker Cochin
Collaborator
