This study aims to evaluate the effects of antioxidant-rich supplementation on skin carotenoid status, antioxidant status, and cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese individuals. The study may provide additional scientific evidence to support the further refinement of current dietary and nutritional recommendations.
Able to give informed consent (AMT score ≥ 8 for older adults [65-70 years old])
Adults 21-70 years old
English-literate
Have venous access sufficient to allow for blood sampling as per the protocol
Weight change > 3kg in the past 3 months
Exercising vigorously over the past 3 months
Taking medications or dietary supplements which may impact eye/skin health
Taking lipid-lowering and blood pressure controlling medications less than 3 years
Parallel
Antioxidant-rich supplementation Element
Dietary supplementMaintained habitual diet with additionally taking LifePak Element for 12 weeks
Antioxidant-rich supplementation Optimal
Dietary supplementMaintaining habitual diet with additionally taking LifePak Optimal for 12 weeks
Change in Skin Carotenoid Score Measured by Prysm iO™ from Baseline to Week 12
Skin carotenoid status will be assessed using the Prysm iO™ device. The device scans the participant's fingertip and provides a skin carotenoid score, also referred to as the Prysm Score. Results will be reported as the numerical Prysm Score. Higher scores indicate higher skin carotenoid levels.
Mean Change from Baseline in Blood Carotenoid Concentration
Blood carotenoid concentration will be assessed using blood samples collected from participants. Results will be reported as the mean change from baseline in blood carotenoid concentration at Week 12. Higher concentrations indicate higher circulating carotenoid status.
Mean Change from Baseline in Total Antioxidant Capacity in Blood Samples
Total antioxidant capacity will be assessed using blood samples collected from participants. Results will be reported as the mean change from baseline in total antioxidant capacity at each post-baseline time point.
Mean Change from Baseline in Fasting Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Concentrations
Fasting blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations will be assessed using blood samples collected from participants after an overnight fast. The lipid and lipoprotein profile may include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results will be reported as the mean change from baseline in each lipid and lipoprotein parameter at Week 12.
Mean Change from Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration
Fasting blood glucose concentration will be assessed using blood samples collected from participants after an overnight fast. Results will be reported as the mean change from baseline in fasting blood glucose concentration at Week 12.
Mean Change from Baseline in Fasting Blood Insulin Concentration
Fasting blood insulin concentration will be assessed using blood samples collected from participants after an overnight fast. Results will be reported as the mean change from baseline in fasting blood insulin concentration at Week 12.
Mean Change from Baseline in Blood Clock Gene-Related Markers
Clock gene-related markers will be assessed using blood samples collected from participants. Results will be reported as the mean change from baseline in selected clock gene-related markers at Week 12. This outcome is exploratory and will be used to explore potential biological changes associated with the intervention.
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National University of Singapore
Lead sponsor
Nu Skin Enterprises
Collaborator
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