Prospective cohort study evaluating FDG PET in 56 patients with confirmed autoimmune encephalitis - based on 2016 Graus criteria, and 2021 paraneoplastic neurological syndromes criteria - at the acute phase, before immunomodulating treatment, or within 10 days of treatment initiation.
Age ≥ 18 years old
" Definite limbic autoimmune encephalitis " according to 2016 Graus et al. criteria
" Possible autoimmune encephalitis " according to 2016 Graus et al. criteria AND typical autoantibody detected in serum or CSF
" Probable or certain paraneoplastic neurological syndrome " according to Graus et al. 2021 criteria (excluding peripheral neurological syndromes)
History of brain tumor, head trauma, infarction or cerebral hematoma likely to result in altered cerebral carbohydrate metabolism on PET
Patients who hae been on immunotherapy (corticosteroid bolus, IVIg, plasma exchange, endoxan, rituximab or other immunotherapy) fr more than 10 days
Pregnant or breast-feeding woman
Ventilated intubated patient
Single group
FDG PET
Other interventionBrain FDG PET performed 3 months after treatment initiation
Main analysis of initial brain FDG PET
Automated region-based and voxel wise quantitative PET analysis, estimation of the proportion of patients with PET anomalies (overall and by region of interest).
Analysis of follow-up brain FDG PET
Automated region-based and voxel wise quantitative PET analysis comparatively to initial brain PET
Secondary analysis of initial brain FDG PET
Subgroup PET analysis according to autoantibody subtype or seronegative status
Secondary analysis of initial brain FDG PET
Correlation of main analysis results to important clinical variables (clinical symptomatology (typology and duration of symptoms), MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electroencephalogram (EEG).)
Secondary analysis of initial brain FDG PET
PET voxel-wise connectivity analysis
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