The primary objective is to investigate the impact of milk, fermented milk, and soy beverages, incorporated in a diet reflecting adherence to Canadian food guide recommendations on food choices on gut microbiota in middle-aged adults (45-65 years) with abdominal obesity and slightly deteriorated lipids and/or glucose profile. The study aims to discern whether the integration of soy beverages (control), milk, and fermented milk within the CFG diet contributes to distinct gut outcomes and alterations in gut health. We hypothesized that milk and fermented milk will further promote beneficial changes in gut health parameters including gut microbiota composition, trans-epithelial permeability, and inflammation, relative to soy beverages.
IMC < 45
Waist circumference > 80 cm (Women) or 94 cm (men)
History of diabetes (types 1 and 2), CVD, enteropathy, immune diseases or bariatric surgery
Cancer (diagnostic and/or treatment) during the last 5 years
Antibiotic consumption during the last 3 months
Active smoking or cannabis consumption
Crossover
Milk
Other interventionConsumption of 1 cup milk 3 times per day during 9 days alongside CFG diet
Fermented milk
Other interventionConsumption of fermented milk 3 times per day during 9 days alongside CFG diet
Soy beverage
Other interventionConsumption of a soy beverage 3 times per day during 9 days alongside CFG diet
Gut epithelial permeability
Post-intervention lactulose/mannitol ratio by LCMS, 0-5 hours after ingestion of the non-metabolizable sugar
Gut inflammatory markers
Fecal calprotectin levels by ELISA
Perceived gut symptoms
Perception gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaires
Whole gut transit time
Whole gut transit time (h) by the Blue poop challenge
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