About this trial
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as direct, intentional physical injury without suicidal intention. Studies revealed that dysfunctional interpersonal relationships and reward-related decision-making may play crucial roles in this maladaptive behavior, especially in adolescents. These interpersonal decision contexts are characterized by constant updating of expectations of rewards and the actual received rewards as well as the associated emotional reactions. These processes have recently been computationally formalized as prediction errors (PE), specifically reward PEs, valence PEs, and arousal PEs (Heffner et al., 2021; Nat Hum Behav). In the current study, the investigators aim to investigate whether these PEs make discernible contributions to social decisions in the context of unfair experiences among adolescents with NSSI and matched healthy control adolescents (HC). Specifically the investigators hypothesized that: 1) reward and emotional PEs show significant predictions of punishment decisions in both groups, 2) however, compared to HC adolescents, the NSSI group will exhibit selective dysfunctions in emotional but not reward PEs leading to punish a norm proposer who provided unfair offers.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
15-18 years
right-handed
normal or corrected normal visual acuity
meet the proposed DSM-5 frequency criteria (e.g., ≥5 days of NSSI behaviors in the past year)
Disqualifiers
diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder, other
psychiatric disorders, etc.
high suicidal risk
recent use of medications that can affect neural activity
Trial population
Treatment-seeking NSSI individuals will be recruited from local hospitals and HC from the community.
Trial design
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Treatments tested in this trial
Not listed
Trial groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Reward prediction errors (PEs)
Reward PEs will be calculated by the differences between the experienced (when be offered) reward and predicted (before the offer) reward.
Valence prediction errors (PEs)
Valence PEs will be calculated by the differences between the experienced emotional valence and predicted emotional valence.
Arousal prediction errors (PEs)
Arousal PEs will be calculated by the differences between the experienced emotional arousal and predicted emotional arousal.
The prediction of PEs of punishment decisions
All PEs and groups (NSSI, HC) will be used in a regression model to examined whether there is any alteration in the NSSI group when PEs are predicted to punishment (reject) decisions.
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