The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of structural abnormalities and microenvironmental changes in the olfactory cleft on olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It sought to elucidate the complex relationships among structural abnormalities, microenvironmental changes, and inflammatory factors contributing to olfactory dysfunction through a multidimensional assessment encompassing imaging, aerodynamics, biomarker , and histopathology analysis.
Diagnosed with CRS based on the diagnostic criteria of the EPOS guideline.
Provision of signed and dated informed consent form.
Patients with CRS admitted to the hospital awaiting endoscopic sinus surgery.
Healthy controls undergoing surgery for the deviated septum.
Those who have taken oral glucocorticoids, antibiotics, anti-leukotrienes, and antihistamines within four weeks.
Patients who have had prior sinus surgery.
Patients with fungal sinusitis, inverted papilloma, or other nasal diseases.
Patients with a diagnosis of immune suppression or suspicion of malignancy that may be affecting the nose/paranasal sinuses.
Surgical patients were recruited from the Department of Otolaryngology at Peking University Third Hospital in clinic.
Other
Retrospective
Computed Tomography
Other interventionlow-dose CT is taken
Sniffin Sticks Test
The test consists of odorous rods that are presented to the patient's nose. It consists of 3 parts different, with 3 sets of corresponding sticks: an olfactory threshold test, an olfactory discrimination test and an olfactory identification test. The final TDI score, out of 48, is the sum of the olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification scores.
The 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22)
Visual analog scale（VAS）for olfaction
numerical rating scale from 0 (no smell) to 10 (perfect smell)
The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders Negative Statements (QOD-NS)
The QOD-NS comprises 17 negatively phrased statements, each rated on a scale from 0 (disagree) to 3 (agree), yielding a maximum score of 51. Higher QOD-NS scores indicate a poorer quality of life.
The original version of olfactory cleft CT score
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