Writing is a fundamental skill, crucial to a child's success at school and the development of independence. Around 30% of children present difficulties in learning to write, and for some of them (10%), these difficulties persist for a long time. Adapted learning can improve their handwriting. Initial studies into the use of new technologies (tablets, virtual reality headsets) have shown that they can help children learn to write. Attractive to children, these interfaces make it possible to apply new paradigms (e.g. enrichment of feedback \[sonification\], variation of writing media) that have proved effective, mainly with children with 'typical' development. The Kaligo+ solution is based on the latest scientific advances to offer an innovative approach to learning to write, particularly for children with significant difficulties in this area. This study proposes to test the benefits of the Kaligo+ solution on 15 children with writing difficulties.
The main objective of this pilot study is to demonstrate improved writing performance following use of the Kaligo+ solution in children aged 6 to 11 with writing difficulties, using a Single Case Experimental Design (SCED) methodology.
Children with writing difficulties (who may or may not be receiving care in this area)
Age: 6 - 11 years
Score > 1 standard deviation on the BHK deterioration score
Contraindication to the use of the tablet or virtual reality
Moderate, severe or profound intellectual disability (Total Intelligence Quotient below 55 on an intellectual efficiency scale such as WISC-V or K-ABC-II).
Single group
Kaligo + score
Other interventionThe Kaligo + Score will be taken twice a week during baseline and intervention and once a week during follow-up.
Composite score brings together a set of parameters defining writing efficiency (static, kinematic and pressure) : Kaligo +
Static parameters: density, height, width and length Kinematic parameters: Time (in air and on paper), speed, number of speed inversion, median frequency of the speed, jerk and acceleration. Pressure: Median, 60th percentile, median frequency of the pressure change. The score is normalized between 0 (worst) and 1 (best).
Assessing the ecological impact and its generalisation
Movement Assessment Battery for Children \| Second Edition (M-ABC-II). Questionnaire to assess motor skills in everyday situations, comprising 3 parts: part A "movement in a static and/or predictable environment", part B "movement in a dynamic and/or non-static environment", part C "non-motor factors that can affect movement". A raw score is obtained for each of these parts, as well as a total motricity score (A + B).
Assessing the ecological impact and its generalisation
Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire for Children (HPSQ-C). Questionnaire to assess motor skills in everyday situations, comprising 3 parts: part A "movement in a static and/or predictable environment", part B "movement in a dynamic and/or non-static environment", part C "non-motor factors that can affect movement". A raw score is obtained for each of these parts, as well as a total motricity score (A + B).
Assessing the ecological impact and its generalisation
Concise Assessment Scale for Children's Handwriting (BHK). In the BHK \[Brave Handwriting Kindergarten\], the child is asked to copy a text for 5 minutes. Blind double scoring is used (the scorer does not know when the child has copied the text). A degradation score is calculated: the higher the score, the more "degraded" the quality of the child's handwriting. The standardized score is taken into account for inclusion (to situate the child's performance in relation to his class), while the raw score is taken into account over the course of the intervention (allowing comparison of the subject with himself). Psychometric qualities are documented in the test manual.
Assessing the ecological impact and its generalisation
NEPSY-II is the only single measure that allows clinicians to create tailored assessments across six domains, specific to a child's situation SUBTESTS - ORIENTATION SUBTEST - VISUO-MOTOR PRECISION SUBTEST - INHIBITION SUBTEST - FACE RECOGNITION
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